Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 [PZT] Fibers-Fabrication and Measurement Methods

Abstract

Fine scale lead zirconate titanate (PZT) and niobium substituted PZT (Nb-PZT) piezoelectric fibers were fabricated from sol-gel processed viscous "sol" using the "spinning" meth-odology developed for the continuous production of glass fibers. Subsequent drying and firing at above 750'C gave pure perovskite PZT and Nb-PZT fibers of 30 am in average diameter. Further densification and grain growth were evident for fibers fired at 1250'C. Experimental methods for the determination of dielectric and polarization properties were developed to overcome inherent electric field difficulty relevant to fine scale fibers. The method to polarize fibers in a continuous manner was also demonstrated using 120 pm diameter extruded PZT fiber. The dielectric constant and polarization hysteresis values of the sol-gel derived fine fibers were comparable with that of bulk ceramics. Preliminary single fiber mechanical pull tests indicated that the tensile strength of 30 pm diameter PZT fibers were similar to that of bulk ceramics, being in the range of 35-55 MPa.

Get full access to this article

View all access options for this article.

References

Berlincourt, D. , H. H. Krueger and C. Near . 1987. "Important Properties of Morgan Matroc Piezoelectric Ceramics(PZT-4, PZT-5A, PZT-5H, PZT-8)", Technical Paper No. 226, Morgan Matroc Inc.

Blum, L. B. and S. R. Gurkovich . 1985. J. Mater. Sci., 20:4470-4470.

Budd, K. D. , S. K. Dey and D. A. Payne . 1985. Brit. Ceram. Proc., 39:107-107.

Chen, K.-C., H. Zheng and J. D. Mac kenzie. 1991. "Method for Making Piezoelectric Ceramic Fibers", U.S. Patent #5,072,035, December 10, 1991.

Cooke, T. F. 1991. "Inorganic Fibers-A Literature Review", J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 74:2959-2978.

Crawley, E. and J. de Luis . 1987. "Use of Piezoelectric Actuators as Ele-ments of Intelligent Structures", ACAA Joumal, 25:173-1385.

Gururaja, T. R. , W. A. Schulze , T. R. Shrout , A. Safari , L. Webster and L. E. Cross . 1981. "High Frequency Applications of PZT/Pblymer Composite Materials", Ferroelectrics, 39:1245-1245.

Hagood, N. W. and A. von Flotow . 1991. "Damping of Structural Vibration with Piezoelectric Materials and Passive Electrical Networks", J. Sound and Vibrations, 146:243-268.

Hayes, G. J. 1989. "Controlled Melt Spinning of Carbon Fiber", M. S. Thesis, Clemson University.

10.

Iwanaga, H. , T. Iwasaki , K. Reizen , T. Matsunami , M. Ichihara and S. Takeuchi . 1992. "Method for Tensile Experiments with Ceramic Fibers Having a Diameter of a Few Microns", J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 75:1297-1299.

11.

Jaffe, B. , W. R. Cook, Jr. , and H. Jaffe . 1971. Piezoelectric Ceramics. NY: Academic Press, pp. 135-183.

12.

Klicker, K. A. , J. V. Biggers and R. E. Newnham . 1981. "Composite of PZT and Epoxy for Hydrostatic Transducer Applications", J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 64:5-9.

13.

Park, H. 1991. "PZT Fibers", ONR Review of Piezoelectric and Electrostrictive Material for Transducer Applications, State College, PA, April 22, 1991-1991.

14.

Pbhanka, R. C. , P. L. Smith and J. Pasternak . 1983. "Static and Dynamic Strength of Piezoelectric Materials", Ferroelectrics, 50:285-291.

15.

Ramachandran, A. R. , Q. C. Xu , L. E. Cross and R. E. Newaham . 1991. "Passive Vibration Damping", Proceedings of the First Joint US./Japan Conference on Adaptive Structures, Nov. 13-15, 1990, Maui, Hawaii , B. Wada , J. L. Fanson and K. Miura , eds., Lancaster, PA: Technomic Publishing Co., Inc., pp. 523-528.

16.

Selvaraj, U. , K. Brooks , A. V. Prasadarao , S. Komarneni , R. Roy and L. E. Cross . 1993. "Sol-Gel Fabrication of Pb(Zr0 52T 48)O3 Thin Films Using Lead Acetylacetonate as the Lead Source", J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 76:1441-1444.

17.

Selvaraj, U. , A. V. Prasadarao , S. Komarneni , K. Brooks and S. K. Kurtz . 1992. "Sol-Gel Processing of PbTiO3 and Pb(Zr0i2Ti048)03 Fibers", J. Mater. Res., 7:992-996.

18.

Seth, V. 1990. "Pblycrystalline Ferroelectric Fiber", U.S. Patent #4,921,328, May 1, 1990-1990..

19.

Takeuchi, H. and C. Nakaya . 1986. "PZT/Pblymer Composite for Medical Ultrasonic Probes", Ferroelectrics, 68:53-53.

20.

Waller, D. J. , A. Safari , R. Card and M. P. O'Toole . 1990. "Lead Zirconate Titanate Fiber/Polymer Composites Prepared by a Replication Process", J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 73:3503-3506.

21.

Yoshikawa, S. , U. Selvaraj , K. G. Brooks and S. K. Kurtz . 1992. "Piezoelectric PZT Tubes and Fibers for Passive Vibration Damping", Proceedings of IEEE, 8th International Symposium on Application of Ferroelectrics, Greenville, S. C., Aug. 30-Sept. 2, 1992, pp. 269-272.