An introductory discussion of the related concepts of intelligence and consciousness suggests criteria to be met in the modelling of intelligence and the development of intelligent materials. Methods for the modelling of actual structure and activity of the animal cortex have been found, based on present knowledge of the ionic and cellular constitution of the nervous system. These have led to the development of a realistic neural network model, which has been used to study the formation of memory and the process of learning. An account is given of experiments with simple materials which exhibit almost all properties of biological synapses and suggest the possibil ity of a new type of computer architecture to implement an advanced type of artificial intelligence.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
Bliss, T. and T. Lomo.1973. "Long-Lasting Potentiation of Synaptic Transmission in the Dentate Area...Following Stimulation of the Perforant Path", J. Physiol. Lond. , 232:331-356.
DeChardin, P Teilhard.1959. The Phenomenon of ManNew York : Harper.
4.
Eccles, J.C.1984. "The Cerebral Cortex: A Theory of its Operation", in Cerebral Cortex, Vol. 2, E. G. Jones and A. Peters, eds., New York: Plenum.
5.
Fifkova, E. and J.A. Anderson.1981. "Stimulation-Induced Changes in Dimensions of Stalks of Dendritic Spines in the Dentate Molecular Layer", Exp. Neurol. , 74:621-627.
6.
Green, H.S., A.J. Bracken and L. Bass.1991. "Harmonic Functions Satisfying a Radiation Boundary Condition", Computers Math. Applic. , 22:23-38.
7.
Green, H.S. and T. Triffet.1975. "Quantum Mechanics and the Brain" , Int. J. Quant. Chem. , Quant. Biol. Symp. , 2:289-296.
8.
Green, H.S. and T. Triffet.1983. "Calcium Dynamics at a Plastic Synapse in Aplysia", J. Theor. Biol. , 100:649-674.
9.
Green, H.S. and T. Triffet.1989. "A Zonal Model of Cortical Functions,"J. Theor. Biol. , 136:87-116.
10.
Green, H.S. and T. Triffet.1991. "Quantum Mechanics, Real and Artificial Intelligence,"Aust. J. Phys. , 44:323-334.
11.
Hebb, D.O.1949. The Organization of BehaviourWiley : New York.
12.
Josowicz, M. and J. Janata.1986. "Suspended Gate Field Effect Transistors..." , Anal. Chem. , 58:514-517.
13.
Katz, B. and R. Miledi.1967. "The Timing of Calcium Action during Neuromuscular Transmission", J. Physiol. , 189:535-544.
14.
Koppenfels, W.V. and F. Stallman.1959. Praxis der Konformen BildungenBerlin: Springer.
15.
Marrazzi, S. and R. Lorente de No. 1954. "Interaction of Neighboring Fibers in Myelinated Nerve", J. Neurophysiol., 7:83-102.
16.
McClelland, J.L. and D.E. Rumelhart.1988. Explorations in Parallel Distributed ProcessingCambridge, Mass.: M.I.T. Press.
17.
Rall, W.1962. "Electrophysiology of a Dendritic Neuron Model" , Biophys. J., 2:146-167.
Seifert, W.1983. Neurobiology of the HippocampusNew York: Academic Press.
20.
Shepherd, G.M.1974. The Synaptic Organization of the BrainNew York: Academic Press.
21.
Sibbald, A., P.D. Whalley and A.K. Covington.1984. "A Mimature Flow-Through Cell with a Four-Function ChemFET Integrated Circuit...", Analytica Chemica Acta, 159:47-62.
22.
Triffet, T., P. Calvert and T.W. Huntoon.1991. "Transient Potentials Transmitted by an Artificial Electrochemical Synapse", in System Sci ences. Architecture and Emerging Technologies, V. Milutinovic and B. D. Shriver, eds., IEEE Computer Soc. Press .
23.
Triffet, T. and H.S. Green.1980. "Information and Energy Flow in a Simple Nervous System", J. Theor. Biol. , 86:3-44
24.
Triffet, T. and H.S. Green.1988. "Information Transfer by Electromagnetic Waves in Cortex Layers", J. Theor. Biol. , 131:199-221.
25.
Triffet, T. and H.S. Green.1989. "Unit Circuit Neural Networks of the Cortex", Mathl. Comput. Modelling, 12:673-694.
26.
Von Neumann, J.1966. Theory of Self-Reproducing Automata , A. W. Burks, ed., Urbana, III.: Univ. Illinois Press.
