Due to the characteristics of smart material magnetorheological (MR) fluid, such as short response time and large controllable range, semi-active suspension based on MR fluid has been widely used. In order to improve the steering stability of vehicles, a semi-active suspension with tapered flow mode MR was proposed. The magnetic circuit of the proposed structure was designed, its dynamic model was established, and the finite element simulation analysis was carried out. By establishing the optimization objectives and constraints, the MR damper was optimized by NSGA-II and MOST algorithms. The vehicle dynamics model with MR damper was established, and the vehicle dynamics simulation was carried out under the control system based on the vehicle dynamics simulation software CarSim-Simulink before and after optimization. The results show that the NSGA-II optimized MR damper can reduce vehicle roll and significantly improve vehicle handling stability. This paper provides a new idea for improving vehicle handling stability by optimizing the MR damper.
AiHXWangDHLiaoWH (2006) Design and modeling of a magnetorheological valve with both annular and radial flow paths. Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures17(4): 327–334.
2.
ChenHPChenXWChenC, et al. (2019) Multidisciplinary design optimization for vehicle handling stability of steering-by-wire system. The Journal of Supercomputing75(6): 2964–2985.
3.
ChenYChenSZRenHB, et al. (2020) Path tracking and handling stability control strategy with collision avoidance for the autonomous vehicle under extreme conditions. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology69(12): 14602–14617.
4.
DengZXWeiXXLiXQ, et al. (2022a) Study on the integrated structure/control design method of magnetorheological damper for improving vehicle posture. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part K: Journal of Multi-body Dynamics236(2): 244–259.
5.
DengZXWeiXXLiXQ, et al. (2022b) Design and multi-objective optimization of magnetorheological damper considering vehicle riding comfort and operation stability. Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures33(9): 1215–1228.
6.
DengZXYangQHYangXJ. (2020) Optimal design and experimental evaluation of magneto-rheological mount applied to start/stop mode of vehicle powertrain. Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures31(8): 1126–1137.
7.
FunkeJBrownMErlienSM, et al. (2017) Collision avoidance and stabilization for autonomous vehicles in emergency scenarios. IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology25(4): 1204–1216.
8.
GaoQFengJZhengS (2019) Optimization design of the key parameters of McPherson suspension systems using generalized multi-dimension adaptive learning particle swarm optimization. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: J Automobile Engineering233: 3403–3423.
9.
HuangCZCaiFTLongJ, et al. (2019) Multi-objective optimization of handling stability of the centre axle trailer train. In: 2019 11th international conference on measuring technology and mechatronics automation (ICMTMA), Qiqihar, China, 28–29 April 2019, pp.363–369. New York, NY: IEEE.
10.
HuangFHFuCYTangXL, et al. (2017) Study on stability and handling characteristics and control of four-wheel-drive electric vehicles. Advances in Mechanical Engineering9(12): 1–15.
11.
JalaliMKhosravaniSKhajepourA, et al. (2017) Model predictive control of vehicle stability using coordinated active steering and differential brakes. Mechatronics48: 30–41.
12.
JavanshirIMaselenoATasoujianS, et al. (2018) Optimization of suspension system of heavy off-road vehicle for stability enhancement using integrated anti-roll bar and coiling spring mechanism. Journal of Central South University25(9): 2289–2298.
13.
JinXJYinGDBianCT, et al. (2016) Gain-scheduled vehicle handling stability control via integration of active front steering and suspension systems. Journal of Dynamic Systems Measurement and Control138(1): 014501.
14.
KimTDKimJH (2020) Shock-absorber rotary generator for automotive vibration energy harvesting. Applied Sciences10(18): 6599.
15.
LiBGeWQLiuDC, et al. (2020) Optimization method of vehicle handling stability based on response surface model with D-optimal test design. Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology34(9): 2267–2276.
16.
LiBYDuHPLiWH, et al. (2018) Integrated dynamics control and energy efficiency optimization for over actuated electric vehicles. Asian Journal of Control: Affiliated with ACPA, the Asian Control Professors’ Association20(5): 1952–1966.
17.
Mahmoodi-KaleibarMJavanshirIAsadiK, et al. (2013) Optimization of suspension system of off-road vehicle for vehicle performance improvement. Journal of Central South University20(4): 902–910.
18.
NguyenQHChoiSB (2009a) Optimal design of MR shock absorber and application to vehicle suspension. Smart Materials and Structures18(3): 35012.
19.
NguyenQHChoiSB (2009b) Optimal design of a vehicle magnetorheological damper considering the damping force and dynamic range. Smart Materials and Structures18(3): 015013.
20.
NguyenQHChoiSBLeeYS, et al. (2013) Optimal design of high damping force engine mount featuring MR valve structure with both annular and radial flow paths. Smart Materials and Structures22(11): 115024.
21.
ParlakZEnginTAllS (2012) Optimal design of MR damper via finite element analyses of fluid dynamic and magnetic field. Mechatronics22(6): 890–903.
22.
QC/T491-2018 (2019) Automobile shock absorber technique requirements and test methods. Oxford: Science and Technology Academic Press.
23.
SongYMZhangZHMaoJ, et al. (2020) Research on fast intelligence multi-objective optimization method of nuclear reactor radiation shielding. Annals of Nuclear Energy149: 107771.
24.
TermousHShraimHTaljR, et al. (2019) Coordinated control strategies for active steering, differential braking and active suspension for vehicle stability, handling and safety improvement. Vehicle System Dynamics57(10): 1494–1529.
25.
WangJNGaoSLWangK, et al. (2021) Wheel torque distribution optimization of four-wheel independent-drive electric vehicle for energy efficient driving. Control Engineering Practice110: 104779.
26.
YangYPJiangJM (2015) Optimal design of an axial-flux permanent-magnet middle motor integrated in a cycloidal reducer for a pedal electric cycle. Energies8(12): 14151–14167.
27.
ZhangLLiuJPanF, et al. (2020) Multi-objective optimization study of vehicle suspension based on minimum time handling and stability. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering234(9): 2355–2363.
28.
ZhangLWangQZhuL, et al. (2012) Optimization of suspension roll center height for vehicle handling stability. In: 3rd international conference on mechanical and electronics engineering (ICMEE 2011), Hefei, China, 23–25 September 2011, pp.2198–2202.
