Morphing technology aims to improve the performance of structural components by drastically altering their shape in response to conflicting operational requirements. Thus, achieving the optimum operation of morphing structures is a rather challenging task which includes non-linear effects associated with the large deformations and rigid body motions, the actuator performance and the interactions between active and passive components. In this paper a formal optimization procedure is developed to provide the optimal design of a morphing structure with shape memory alloy actuators. The optimization of the morphing structure is formulated as a multi-objective problem aiming to concurrently optimize the passive structural components and the actuators. Subsequently, a multi-level optimization scheme is presented and implemented. Case studies prove the capability of the multi-objective optimization framework to produce robust designs of the morphing structure that simultaneously improve all performance metrics. Furthermore, it is illustrated that the proposed multi-level optimization scheme may produce similar optimal designs, compared with the conventional aggregate optimization scheme, but with significant computational gains.
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