Self-monitoring of composite structures strengthened with prestressed hybrid fiber-reinforced polymer sheets

Abstract

A new type of intelligent composite structure is proposed, consisting of reinforced concrete and prestressed hybrid fiber-reinforced polymer sheets. The hybrid fiber-reinforced polymer consists of basalt and carbon fibers. The carbon fibers function as both sensitive and structural materials to improve stiffness of the hybrid fiber-reinforced polymer sheets and provide a self-monitoring function, whereas basalt fibers function only as structural materials to improve their ductility and decrease the cost. A series of experiments were performed to study the mechanical and monitoring performances of the hybrid fiber-reinforced polymer–concrete composite structures. The results show that their mechanical and self-monitoring performances are markedly upgraded through prestressing the hybrid fiber-reinforced polymer sheets. The prestress improves both the strengthening and monitoring performances. Compared with the control beams, the cracking, steel yielding, and peak loads are improved by 44%, 26%, and 36%, respectively. Results reveal that the prestress also upgrades the monitoring sensitivity and stability of the hybrid fiber-reinforced polymer sheets. Since the electrical behavior is closely related to the mechanical behavior of the hybrid fiber-reinforced polymer–concrete composite beams, the strain, cracking, steel yielding, and the debonding and rupture of the hybrid fiber-reinforced polymer sheets can be well identified through the resistance measurement. A built-in health monitoring function is, thus, demonstrated for the intelligent hybrid fiber-reinforced polymer–concrete composite structures.

Keywords

embedded intelligence polymers sensor structural health monitoring

Get full access to this article

View all access options for this article.

References

Ali

Wang

. (2015) Basalt fiber reinforced polymer grids as an external reinforcement for reinforced concrete structures. Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites 34(19): 1615–1627.

American Concrete Institute (ACI) Committee 440 (2008) Guide for the Design and Construction of Externally Bonded FRP Systems for Strengthening Concrete Structures (ACI440.2R-08). Farmington Hills, MI: ACI, 2008.

Bakis

Nanni

Terosky

. (2001) Self-monitoring, pseudo-ductile, hybrid FRP reinforcement rods for concrete applications. Composites Science and Technology 61(6): 815–823.

Christner

Horoschenkoff

Rapp

(2013) Longitudinal and transverse strain sensitivity of embedded carbon-fibre sensors. Journal of Composite Materials 47(2): 155–167.

Donna

Raafat

E-H

(2013) Damage tolerance and residual strength of hybrid FRP–UHPC beam. Engineering Structures 49(2): 275–283.

Garden

Hollaway

Thorne

(1998) The strengthening and deformation behaviour of reinforced concrete beams upgraded using prestressed composite plates. Materials and Structures 31(4): 247–258.

Gonilho-Pereira

Zdraveva

Fangueiro

. (2010) Self-monitoring composite rods for sustainable construction. In: Proceedings of the ICGS3 2010 CCIS 92, Braga, 1–3 September, pp. 193–201. Berlin: Springer (in Portuguese).

Hosny

Shaheen

Abdelrahman

. (2006) Performance of reinforced concrete beams strengthened by hybrid FRP laminates. Cement and Concrete Composites 28(10): 906–913.

Jiao

Wang

Yang

(2013) Study on the flexural behavior of pre-stressed C/BFRP-concrete composite beams. Industrial Construction 43(6): 28–31 (in Chinese).

10.

Meier

(1995) Strengthening of structures using carbon fibre/epoxy composites. Construction and Building Materials 9(6): 341–351.

11.

Michels

Martinelli

Czaderski

. (2014) Prestressed CFRP strips with gradient anchorage for structural concrete retrofitting: experiments and numerical modeling. Polymers 6(1): 114–131.

12.

Motavalli

Czaderski

(2007) FRP composites for retrofitting of existing civil structures in Europe: state-of-the-art review. In: Proceedings of the composites and polycon 2007, American Composites Manufacturers Association, Tampa, FL, 17–19 October. Tampa, FL: American Composites Manufacturers Association.

13.

Muto

(2001) Hybrid composites with self-diagnosing function for preventing fatal fracture. Composites Science and Technology 61(6): 875–883.

14.

Norris

Saadatmanesh

Ehsani

(1997) Shear and flexural strengthening of R/C beams with carbon fiber sheets. Journal of Structural Engineering: ASCE 123(7): 903–911.

15.

Peng

Zhang

Cai

. (2014) An experimental study on reinforced concrete beams strengthened with prestressed near surface mounted CFRP strips. Engineering Structures 79(79): 222–233.

16.

Quantrill

Hollaway

(1998) The flexural rehabilitation of reinforced concrete beams by the use of prestressed advanced composite plates. Composites Science and Technology 58(8): 1259–1275.

17.

Triantafillou

Deskovic

Deuring

(1992) Strengthening of concrete structures with prestressed fiber reinforced plastic sheets. ACI structural Journal 89(3): 235–244.

18.

Uddin

(2013) Developments in Fiber-Reinforced Polymer (FRP) Composites for Civil Engineering. Cambridge: Woodhead Publishing Limited.

19.

Sakuma

(2006a) Innovative externally bonded FRP/concrete hybrid flexural members. Composite Structures 72(3): 289–300.

20.

Yang

Harada

. (2005) Self-diagnosis of structures strengthened with hybrid carbon-fiber-reinforced polymer sheets. Smart Materials and Structures 14(3): 39–51.

21.

Yang

Tobe

. (2006b) Electrical and mechanical characterization of hybrid CFRP sheets. Journal of Composite Materials 40(3): 227–244.

22.

Yang

(2006) Self-structural health monitoring function of RC structures with HCFRP sensors. Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures 17(10): 895–906.

23.

Yang

Jiao

Wang

. (in press) Linear strain sensing performance of continuous high strength carbon fibre reinforced polymer composites. Composites Part B: Engineering.

24.

Yang

Takahashi

(2006) Self-diagnosis of hybrid CFRP rods and as-strengthened concrete beams. Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures 17(7): 609–618.

25.

You

Choi

Kim

(2012) An experimental investigation on flexural behavior of RC beams strengthened with prestressed CFRP strips using a durable anchorage system. Composites Part B: Engineering 43(8): 3026–3036.