Orientation Dependence of Nonlinearity and Hysteresis in PZN-4.5%PT Single Crystals I: Unipolar Response

Abstract

Relaxor ferroelectric crystals exhibit excellent electromechanical properties as well as strong anisotropy. In this study, compressive stress and electric field are applied to relaxor single crystals [Pb(Zn_1/3Nb_2/3)O₃]0.955–[PbTiO₃]0.045 (PZN-4.5%PT) in a series of crystal orientations between h001i and h111i, and the corresponding strain and electric displacement are measured. It is found that as the angle of the orientation cut is rotated from h001i to h111i, the piezoelectric coefficient d³³ drops and hysteresis loss increases dramatically. The piezoelectric coefficients, remnant strain, and remnant electric displacement are modeled using a volume averaging of crystal variant volume fractions.

Keywords

ferroelectric relaxor single crystal orientation PZN-PT.

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