Surface-bonded piezoelectric sensors can be used to monitor the mechanical behavior of structures for damage detection. This article provides a comprehensive theoretical study of the dynamic coupling between a surface piezoelectric sensor and an elastic half-plane. Attention is focused on the transformation of mechanical deformation into electric signals under dynamic loads. The effect of the longitudinal stiffness of the sensor is included in the developed sensor model. The problem is then formulated by using Fourier transform and solving the resulting integral equations in terms of the interfacial stress. The accuracy of the developed sensor model is evaluated by comparing with results from the finite element analysis. Numerical simulation is conducted to study the relation between the sensor response and the deformation of the host medium under static and dynamic loads. The results indicate the significant effects of the geometry of the sensor, the material mismatch of the system, and the loading frequency upon the sensor response.
Achenbach, J. D.1973. “Wave Propagation in Elastic Solids,”North-Holland Publishing Company, Amsterdam .
2.
Bailey, T. and Hubbard, J. E.1985. “Distributed Piezoelectric Polymer Active Vibration Control of a Cantilever Beam,”AIAA Journal of Guidance Control, 6: 605-611 .
3.
Banks, H. T. and Smith, R. C.1995. “The Modelling of Piezoceramic Patch Interactions with Shells, Plates, and Beams,”Quarterly of Applied Mathematics, LIII: 353-381 .
4.
Banks, H. T. , Smith, R. C. and Wang, Y.1996. Smart Material Structures: Modelling, Estimation and Control, Masson, John Wiley and Sons, Paris .
5.
Bar-Cohen, Y.2000. “Emerging NDE Technologies and Challenges at the Beginning of the 3rd Millennium - Part I,”Material Evaluation, 58(1): 17-30 .
6.
Boller, C.2000. “Next Generation Structural Health Monitoring and its Integration into Aircraft Design,”International Journal of Systems Science, 31: 1333-1349 .
7.
Chang, F. K.1995. “Built-in Damage Diagnostics for Composite Structures,”Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Composite Structures, 5: 283-289 .
8.
Charette, F. , Guigou, C. , Bery, A. and Plantier, G.1994. “Asymmetric Actuation and Sensing of a Beam using Piezoelectric Materials,”The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 96: 2272-2283 .
9.
Chee, C. , Tong, L. and Steven, G. P.1998. “A Review on the Modeling of Piezoelectric Sensors and Actuators Incorporated in Intelligent Structures,”Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures, 9: 3-19 .
10.
Choi, K. Y. and Chang, F. K.1994. “Identification of Foreign Object Impact in Structures using Distributed Sensors,”Journal of Intelligent Material Systems And Structures, 5(6): 864-869 .
11.
Clark, R. L. , Burdisso, R. A. and Fuller, C. R.1993. “Design Approaches for Shaping Polyvinylidene Fluoride Sensors in Active Structural Acoustic Control,”Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures, 4: 354-365 .
12.
Collins, K. , Plau, R. and Wauer, J.1992. “Free and Forced Longitudinal Vibrations of Cantilevered Bar with a Crack,”ASME Journal of Vibration and Acoustics, 114: 171-177 .
13.
Crawley, E. F. and de Luis, J.1987. “Use of Piezoelectric Actuators as Elements of Intelligent Structures,”AIAA Journal, 25: 1373-1385 .
14.
Crawley, E. F. and Anderson, E. H.1990. “Detailed Models of Piezoelectric Actuation of Beams,”Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures, 1: 4-25 .
15.
Dalton, R. P. , Cawley, P. and Lowe, M.2001. “The Potential of Guided Waves for Monitoring Large Areas of Metallic Aircraft Fuselage Structure,”Journal of Nondestructive Evaluation, 20: 29-46 .
16.
D’Cruz, J.1993. “Active Control of Panel Vibrations with Piezoelectric Actuators,”Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures, 4: 398-402 .
17.
Dimitriadis, E. K. , Fuller, C. R. and Rogers, C. A.1991. “Piezoelectric Actuators for Distributed Vibration Excitation of Thin Plates,”ASME Journal of Vibration and Acoustics, 113: 100-107 .
18.
Doyle, P. A. and Scala, C. M.1978. “Crack Depth Measurement by Ultrasonics: A Review,”Ultrasonics, 16: 164-170 .
19.
Fukunaga, H. , Hu, N. and Chang, F. K.2001. “Structural Damage Identification using Piezoelectric Sensors,”International Journal of Solids and Structures, 39: 393-418 .
20.
Gandhi, M. V. and Thompson, B. S.1992. Smart Materials and Structures, Chapman Hall, London .
21.
Gibbs, G. P. and Fuller, C. R.1992. “Excitation of Thin Beams using Asymmetric Piezoelectric Actuators,”The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 92: 3221-3227 .
22.
Giurgiutiu, V. and Rogers, C. A.1999. “Modeling of the Electro-Mechanical (E/M) Impedance Response of a Damaged Composite Beam,”Adaptive Structures and Material Systems, 59: 39-46 .
23.
Giurgiutiu, V. and Zagrai, A.2002. “Embedded Self-sensing Piezoelectric Active Sensors for On-line Structural Identification,”ASME Journal of Vibration and Acoustics, 124: 116-124 .
24.
Giurgiutiu, V. , Zagrai, A. and Bao, J. J.2002a. “Piezoelectric Wafer Embedded Active Sensors for Aging Aircraft Structural Health Monitoring,”Structural Health Monitoring, 1(1): 41-61 .
25.
Giurgiutiu, V. , Zagrai, A. and Bao, J.2002b. “Embedded Active Sensors For In-situ Structural Health Monitoring of Thin-wall Structures,”ASME Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology, 124: 134-145 .
26.
Han, J. H. and Lee, I.1998. “Analysis of Composite Plates with Piezoelectric Actuators for Vibration Control using Layerwise Displacement Theory,”Composites, Part B, 29: 519-672 .
27.
Lee, C. K. and Moon, F. C.1989. “Laminated Piezopolymer Plates for Torsion and Bending Sensors and Actuators,”Journal of the Acoustic Society of America, 85(6): 2432-2439 .
28.
Lee, C. K. and Moon, F. C. , 1990. “Modal Sensors/Actuators,”ASME Journal of Applied Mechanics, 57: 434-441 .
29.
Lee, C. K. and O’Sullivan, T. C.1991. “Piezoelectric Strain Gages,”Journal of the Acoustic Society of America, 90(2): 945-953 .
30.
Lin, M. W. and Rogers, C. A.1993. “Actuation Response of a Beam Structure with Induced Strain Actuators,”Adaptive Structures and Material Systems, 35: 129-139 .
31.
Mitchell, J. A. and Reddy, J. N.1995. “A Study of Embedded Piezoelectric Layers in Composite Cylinders,”ASME Journal of Applied Mechanics, 62: 166-173 .
32.
Pak, Y. E.1990. “Crack Extension Force in a Piezoelectric Material,”ASME Journal of Applied Mechanics, 57: 647-653 .
33.
Reinhardt, H. W. and Dally, J. W.1974. “Some Characteristics of Rayleigh Wave Interaction with Surface Flaws,”Material Evaluation, 30: 213-221 .
34.
Schulz, M. J. , Pai, P. F. and Inman, D. J.1999. “Health Monitoring and Active Control of Composite Structures using Piezoelectric Patches,”Composite Part B, 30: 713-725 .
35.
Sirohi, J. and Chopra, I.2000. “Fundamental understanding of Piezoelectric Strain Sensors,”Journal of Intelligent Materials Systems and Structures, 11: 246-257 .
36.
Tzou, H. S. and Tseng, C. I.1991a. “Distributed Vibration Control and Identification of Coupled Elastic/Piezoelectric Systems,”Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing, 5: 215-231 .
37.
Tzou, H. S. and Tseng, C. I.1991b. “Distributed Vibration Control and Identification of Coupled Elastic/Piezoelectric Systems,”Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing, 5: 215-231 .
38.
Varadan, V. V. , Kim, J. and Varadan, V. K.1997. “Modelling of Piezoelectric Sensor Fidelity,”IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics, and Frequency Control, 44(3): 538-547 .
39.
Wang, X. D.1999. “Coupled Electromechanical Behaviour of Piezoelectric Actuators in Smart Structures,”Journal of Intelligent Materials Systems and Structures, 10: 232-241 .
40.
Wang, D. H. and Huang, S. L.2000. “Health Monitoring and Diagnosis for Flexible Structures with PVDF Piezoelectric Film Sensor Array,”Journal of Intelligent Materials Systems and Structures, 11: 482-491 .
41.
Wang, X. D. and Meguid, S. A.2000. “On the Electroelastic Behaviour of a Thin Piezoelectric Actuator Attached to an Infinite Host Structure,”International Journal of Solids and Structures, 37: 3231-3251 .
42.
Zhang, J. Q. , Zhang, B. N. and Fan, J. H.2003a. “A Coupled Electromechanical Analysis of a Piezoelectric Layer Bonded to an Elastic Substrate: Part I, Development of Governing Equations,”International Journal of Solids and Structures. 40: 6781-6797 .
43.
Zhang, B. N. , Zhang, J. Q. and Fan, J. H.2003b. “A Coupled Electromechanical Analysis of a Piezoelectric Layer Bonded to an Elastic Substrate: Part II, Numerical Solution and Applications,”International Journal of Solids and Structures, 40: 6799-6612 .
