Adhesive Layer Effects in Surface-Mounted Piezoelectric Actuators

Abstract

The role of the adhesive layers in active panels with surface-mounted (bonded) piezoelectric layers is studied. The investigation focuses on the strain transfer mechanism between the active layers and the host structure, the stress concentrations involved, and the influence of the geometrical and mechanical properties of the adhesive layers on the static response of the panel. The analysis is based on the High-Order approach and uses 2D elasticity to model the adhesive layers. The mathematical formulation is derived using variational principles, compatibility requirements, and the piezoelectric constitutive equations. Confirmation of the analytical model is achieved through an experimental study that reveals good agreement between the theoretical predictions and the behavior of the active structure. Numerical results are presented for a typical piezoelectric active panel and compared to detailed 2D finite element analysis. The results reveal the high-order effects and the stress concentrations in the transition zone near the edge of the panel and indicate that a careful selection of the adhesive's properties can improve the behavior of the structure and reduce the severity of the stress concentrations involved. The paper concludes with a summary and recommendations for the analysis, design, and use of smart structures with bonded actuators.

Keywords

piezoelectric actuators adhesive higher order theory stress concentrations variational principles

Get full access to this article

View all access options for this article.

References

Adams, R.D. and Wake, W.C. (1984). Structural Adhesive Joints in Engineering, Elsevier Applied Science Publishers, London, UK.

Beckert, W. and Pfundtner, G. (2002). `Analysis of the Deformational Behavior of a Bimorph Configuration with Piezoelectric Actuation', Smart Materials and Structures, 11(4): 599-609.

Crawley, E.F. and Anderson, E.H. (1990). Detailed Models for Piezoceramic Actuation of Beams, Journal of Intelligent Materials Systems and Structures, 1(1): 4-25.

Crawley, E.F. and de Luis, J. (1987). Use of Piezoelectric Actuators as Elements of Intelligent Structures, AIAA Journal, 25(10): 1373-1385.

Frostig, Y. (1992). Behavior of Delaminated Sandwich Beams with Transversely Flexible Core - High Order Theory, Composite Structures, 20(1): 1-16.

Frostig, Y. (1998). Buckling of Sandwich Panels with a Transversely Flexible Core - High-Order Theory, Int. J. Solids and Structures, 35(3-4): 183-204.

Frostig, Y. , Baruch, M. , Vilnai, O. and Sheinman, I. (1992). High-Order Theory for Sandwich-Beam Bending with Transversely Flexible Core, Journal of Engineering Mechanics, ASCE, 118(5): 1026-1043.

Frostig, Y. and Rabinovitch, O. (2000). Behavior of Sandwich Panels with Multi-skin Construction or a Multi-layered Core - A High-Order Approach, Journal of Sandwich Structures and Materials, 2(3): 181-213.

Goland, M. and Reissner, E. (1944). The Stresses in Cemented Joint, ASME Journal of Applied Mechanics, 11(66): A-17-A-27.

10.

Lin, C.-C. , Hsu, C.-Y. and Huang, H.-N. (1996). Finite Element Analysis on Deflection Control of Plates with Piezoelectric Actuators, Composite Structures, 35(4): 423-433.

11.

Molyet, K.E. , Naganathan, N.G. and Dukkipati, R.V. (1999). Study of Induced Strain Transfer in Piezoceramic Smart Material Systems, Smart Material and Structures, 8(5): 672-690.

12.

Park, C. , Walz, C. and Chopra, I. (1996). Bending and Torsion Models of Beams with Induced-strain Actuators, Smart Materials and Structures, 5(1): 98-113.

13.

Park, J.-M. , Kim, D.-S. and Han, S.-B. (2001). Properties of Interfacial Adhesion for Vibration Controllability of Composite Materials as Smart Structures, Composites Science and Technology, 60(10): 1953-1963.

14.

Seemann, W. and Sattel, T. (1999). The Influence of Bonding on the Efficiency of Piezoceramic Patches as Actuators in Smart Structures, Proceedings of the SPIE - The International Society of Optical Engineering, 3668(2): 677-687.

15.

Seshu, P. and Naganathan, N.G. (1997). Finite Element Analysis of Strain Transfer in an Induced Strain Actuator, Smart Materials and Structures, 6(1): 76-88.

16.

Sun, D. , Tong, L. and Atluri, S.N. (2001). Effect of Piezoelectric Sensor/Actuator on Vibration Control of Smart Beams, Int. J. Solids and Structures, 38(50-51): 9033-9051.

17.

Tiersten, H.F. (1969). Linear Piezoelectric Plate Vibrations, Plenum Press, New York.

18.

Vinson, J.R. and Sierakowski, R.L. (1986). The Behavior of Structures Composed of Composite Materials, Martinus-Nijhoff, Inc., Dordrecht, The Netherlands.

19.

Volkersen, O. (1938). Die Nietkraftverteilung in zugbeanspruchten Nietverbindungen mit konstanten Laschenquerschnitten, Luftfahrtvorschung, 15(1): 41-47.

20.

Walker, J.G. , Liang, C. and Rogers, C.A. (1993). Finite Element Analysis of Adhesively-bonded Piezoceramic Patches Implementing Modeling Techniques and Design Considerations to Reduce Critical Stresses, Collection of Technical Papers - AIAA/ASME Structures, Structural Dynamics and Materials Conference, Part 6, pp. 3244-3248.