Poverty,Pauperism,and Their Causes: Some Charity Organization Views

See Ely Richard T. , Ground Under Our Feet: An Autobiography, Macmillan Co., New York, 1938.

Three indispensable guides to the intellectual history of the United States after the Civil War are Henry Steele Commager, The American Mind: An Interpretation of American Thought and Character since the 1880's, Yale University Press, New Haven, 1950; Sidney Fine, Laissez Faire and the General-Welfare State: A Study of Conflict in American Thought, 1865–1901, University of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor, 1956; and Richard Hofstadter, Social Darwinism in American Thought, rev. ed., Beacon Press, Boston, 1955.

The data on American population and product are drawn from U.S. Bureau of the Census, Historical Statistics of the United States: Colonial Times to 1957, U.S. Department of Commerce, Washington, D.C., 1960, and Degler Carl N. , Out of Our Past: The Forces that Shaped Modern America, Harper & Brothers, New York, 1959. The information on state boards and the charity organization movement is from, among other sources, Frank J. Bruno, Trends in Social Work: As Reflected in the Proceedings of the National Conference of Social Work 1874–1946, Columbia University Press, New York, 1948, pp. 31–43; Ralph E. Pumphrey and Muriel W. Pumphrey, The Heritage of American Social Work: Readings in Its Philosophical and Institutional Development, Columbia University Press, New York, 1961, and Frank D. Watson, The Charity Organization Movement in the United States: A Study in American Philanthropy, Macmillan Co., New York, 1922. Many important books have been published in recent years on the history of science. Three that have been found particularly helpful in this context are Sir William Cecil Dampier, A History of Science and Its Relations with Philosophy and Religion, Macmillan Co., New York, 1942; Charles Coulston Gillispie, The Edge of Objectivity: An Essay in the History of Scientific Ideas, Princeton University Press, Princeton, 1960; and Derek J. de Solla Price, Science Since Babylon, Yale University Press, New Haven, 1961.

Warner Amos G. , American Charities: A Study of Philanthropy and Economics, Thomas Y. Crowell Co., New York, 1894, p. 66.

Devine Edward T. , Misery and Its Causes, Macmillan Co., New York, 1909, p. 9.