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Abstract

For youth who move through both the child welfare and the juvenile justice systems, the overlap sets up a complicated landscape; such youth are known as dual-system children. Such youth tend to have compounded issues owing to early trauma, neglect, and system barriers, which increase their risk for delinquency, mental illness, and school disaffection significantly. Although growing attention is being given to their plight, existing interventions are uncoordinated and fail to address the specific needs of this vulnerable group. This article attempts to study the structure of dual systems, while keeping trauma-informed and culturally responsive interventions at its core, by comparing the U.S., the U.K., and Australia’s support systems. The objective is to identify systemic strengths and weaknesses, with a focus on how socioeconomic and racial disparities, especially among marginalized groups like First Nations youth, impact service delivery for long-term outcomes. This article starts with examining the developmental pathways of dual-system youth, the impact of cumulative adversity, and the importance of integrated, trauma-informed care. It calls for systemic shifts that foster interagency collaboration, culturally competent policy, and inclusive resource distribution. By drawing on international best practices and innovations in law and policy, this study aims to provide pragmatic suggestions for building resilience and stability among dual-system youth. This research, therefore, advocates for a unified and holistic approach to disrupt cycles of disadvantage and empower vulnerable youth toward better life outcomes.

Keywords

youth court child welfare child delinquency restorative justice juvenile detention juvenile justice

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Developmental Cascades in Dual-System Youth: A Comparative Perspective

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