The Black Police Officer: an Historical Perspective

Alex, N. (1969). Black in Blue. New York: Merdith.

Banner, W.M. (1946). "Southern Negro Communities." Phylon, 7 (Third Quarter), p. 255.

Bennett, L. (1968). Black Power U. S. A.: The Human Side of Reconstruction 1867-1877. Baltimore: Penguin Books , p. 212.

Chicago Commission on Race Relations. (1922 ). The Negro in Chicago: A Study of Race Relations and a Race Riot. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, p. 34.

Citizen's Committee to Study Police - Community Relations In the City of Chicago. (1967). Police and Public: A Critique and a Program. Chicago: Citizens Committee, p. 74.

Conot, R. (1967). Rivers of Blood, Years of Darkness. New York: Bantam Books, pp. 157-60.

Cooper, L. (et. al.) (1975). The Iron Fist and the Velvet Glove. Berkeley: Center for Research on Criminal Justice.

Danielson, W.F. (1964). "Employment of Minority Group Persons in the Berkeley Fire Department and in the Berkeley Police Department." Report prepared for the members of the Personnel Board of Berkeley , (Mimeographical), p. 33.

DuBois, W.E. B. ( 1899). The Phildelphia Negro. Phildaelphia : University of Pennsylvenia, p. 132.

Ebony Magazine. (ed). (1966). The Negro Handbook. Chicago: Johnson Publishing, pp. 102.

Fleming, H.C. (1947). "How Negro Policemen Worked Out in One Southern City." New South, II, pp. 3-7.

Greenberg, J. (1959). Race Relations and American Law. New York: Columbia University Press, p. 164.

Gosnell, H.F. (1935). Negro Politicians: The Rise of Negro Politics in Chicago. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, pp. 245-47.

Guzman, J. P. (ed.) (1952). The Negro Yearbook: A Review of Events Affecting Negro Life. (11th ed.). New York: William H. Wise and Company, p. 275.

Hamblin, R.L. (1962). "The Dynamics of Racial Discrimination." Social Problems. X, pp. 103-105.

Jefferson County Coordinating Council. (1953 ). A Study of Negro Police. Birmingham , Alabama: Coordinating Council , p. 1.

Johnson, C.S. (1947). Into the Mainstream: A survey of Best Practices in Race Relations in the South. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, p. 54.

Kelly, C.M. (1974). Crime in the United States: Uniform Crime Reports . Washington, D. C.: Government Printing Office.

Kephart, W.M. (1954). "The Integration of Negroes into the Urban Police Force." The Journal of Criminal Law, Criminology, and Police Science, XLV, pp. 325-335.

Kephart, W.M. (1957). Racial Factors and Urban Law Enforcement. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, pp. 23-98.

Landis, K.M. (1958). Segregation in Washington. Chicago: National Committee on Segregation in the Nation's Capitol, p. 86.

Landrum, L.W. (1947). "The Case of Negro Police." New South, II, pp. 5-6.

Lock, A. (1971). "Dark Weather-Vane." in Platt (ed.), Politics of Riot Commissions, New York: Collier Books, p. 194.

Morgan, C. (1964). "Segregated Justice in Birmingham." in Alan Westin (ed.), Freedom Now . New York: Basic Books, pp. 210-15.

Myrdal, G. (1944). An American Dilemma: The Negro Problem and Modem Democracy. New York: Harper and Brothers, p. 542.

National Center on Police and Community Relations. (1967). A National Survey of Police and Community Relations, Field Survey V, Report of the President's Commission on Law Enforcement and Administration of Justice, Washington, D. C: Government Printing Office, p. 261.

New York Times, January 24, 1962, p. 8

Palmer, E. (1973). "Black Police in America." The Black Scholar, Vol. 5.

Platt, A. M. (ed). The Politics of Riot Commissions . New York: Collier Books, p. 316.

President's Commission on Civil Disorders. ( 1968). Report of the Advisory Commission on Civil Disorders . New York: Bantam Books.

President's Commission on Law Enforcement and Administration of Justice. (1967). Task Force Report: The Police. Washington, D. C.: Government Printing Office.

Price, M. (1947). "South Finding Negro Policeman Valuable." New South, II, p. 2.

Quillin, F.V. (1913). The Color Line in Ohio. Ana Arbor, Michigan: George Wahr, pp. 134-138.

Raspberry, W. (1967). "Police Rift Widens Here Among White and Negro Officers." Washington Post, (September 23), Sec. B., p. 1.

Reiss, A.J. (1971). The Police and the Public. New Haven: Yale University Press, p. 147.

Rice, L.D. (1971). The Negro in Texas: 1874-1900. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press.

Rudwick, E. (1960). "The Negro Policeman in the South." The Journal of Criminal Law, Criminology and Police Science. II, pp. 273-276.

Rudwick, E. (1961). "The Southern Negro Policeman and the White Offender ." The Journal of Negro Education. XXX, pp. 426-31.

Rudwick, E. (1962). The Unequal Badge: Negro Policemen in the South, Report of the Southern Regional Council. Atlanta: Southern Regional Council, p. 3.

Skolnick, J. (ed.). (1969). The Politics of Protest. New York Simon and Schuster, p. 129.

Sloan, I.J. (1965). The American Negro: A Chronology and Fact Book . Atlanta: Southern Regional Council , pp. 33-35.

Thomas, D. (1967). "The Color Line-Why." Denver Post Bonus, October 24, pp. 4-5.

Tindall, G.B. (1952). South Carolina Negroes: 1877-1900. Columbus: University of South Carolina Press, p. 305.

United States Commission on Civil Rights. ( 1960). LosAngeles and San Francisco Hearings: January 25-28 . Washington, D. C.: Government Printing Office, p. 32.

United States Commission on Civil Rights (Tennessee State Advisory Committee). (1967). Employment, Administration of Justice and Health Services in Memphis - Shelby, County, Tennessee. Memphis: State Advisory Committee, pp. 31-37.

United States Commission on Civil Rights. ( 1962). Memphis, Tennessee, Hearings, June, 1962. Washington, D. C.: Government Printing Office, pp. 83-90.

University of California. (1967). The Police and the Community: The Dynamics of their Relationship in a Changing Society, Field Survey VI. Report of the President's Commission on Law Enforcement and Administration of Justice, Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, p. 189.

University of Michigan. (1967). Studies in Crime and Law Enforcement in Major Metropolitan Areas, Field Survey III. Report of the President's Commission on Law Enforcement and Administration of Justice, Washington, D. C.: Government Printing Office, p. 135-37.

Warton, V.L. (1947). The Negro in Mississippi: 1865-1890. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.