Anomie has been mainly characterized in criminology as a structural variable, and the most prominent application portrays it as being decidedly material in nature. This work explores a broadened conceptualization of anomie as a factor in the etiology of criminality and deviance. The expansion of such concepts is consistent with more contemporary views proposing that, for full understanding of behavior, theories must operate at multiple levels. Focusing on one of the most neglected levels of knowing and explanation, this treatment discusses anomie as it relates to spiritual development. Spiritual alienation and crises in meaning are explored as potential factors in the development of criminality on both individual and group levels.
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