This article examines the uses of Robert Martinson's work, especially that published during the mid-1970s on correctional treatment, by critics of rehabilitation. A chronology of the controversies surrounding the publication and the findings of the Treatment Survey is presented, and the relationship between ideological trends in the disciplines of criminology and criminal justice and public policy are examined as these relate to Martinson's critique. This article concludes that the most significant implications of Martinson's work have not been exploited, instead these have been ignored in favor of those features that serve to legitimate ideological positions in the fight against crime.
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