The Role of Information Uses and Trust in COVID-19 and Influenza Vaccine Hesitancy Among Undergraduate Students in the United States and Republic of Korea: A Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract

Introduction:

As the COVID-19 vaccine transitions into an annual immunization, it is important to understand the factors contributing to vaccine hesitancy and uptake. This study aims to examine how information source use and trust are associated with COVID-19 and influenza vaccine hesitancy and influenza vaccine uptake.

Methods:

This cross-sectional study surveyed undergraduate students aged 18–25 years between August 29, 2023, and February 20, 2024. A total of 230 participants were included in the analysis. Chi-square tests and multivariable logistic regression were used.

Results:

Using Internet, professional sources, friends/co-workers, and social media was associated with vaccine hesitancy and uptake. Cross-national comparisons showed that US students reported lower COVID-19 but higher influenza vaccine hesitancy than Koreans.

Discussion:

Information use and trust were associated with vaccine attitudes and behaviors in vaccine- and country-specific ways. Tailored strategies should strengthen professional channels, engage family networks, and optimize Internet and social media for vaccine communication.

Keywords

social media vaccination vaccination hesitancy vaccination refusal influenza vaccines COVID-19 vaccines information seeking behavior primary prevention health promotion public reporting of health care data

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