The study aimed to evaluate the effect of education given to immigrant mothers on breastfeeding success of mothers.
Method:
The randomized-controlled, single-blind study was conducted in a neonatal intensive care unit of a state hospital in Turkey. The Mother–infant information form, Nutrition monitoring form, and LATCH Assessment Tool were used to collect the study data.
Results:
In the study, the mean LATCH score of the mothers in the experimental group was higher than that of the control group (P < .05). It was determined that the breastfeeding duration of the mothers in the experimental group was longer, and the number of infants fed exclusively by breastfeeding was higher in the last follow-up (P < .05).
Discussion:
It was found that breastfeeding education positively affected the breastfeeding success of immigrant mothers. This study reveals the positive effects of health education programs designed for immigrants on immigrant health.
AbdullaL.McGowanE. C.TuckerR. J.VohrB. R. (2020). Disparities in preterm infant emergency room utilization and rehospitalization by maternal immigrant status.The Journal of Pediatrics, 220, 27–33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2020.01.05
2.
AdamsD.HewellS. (1997). Maternal and professional assessment of breastfeeding. Journal of Human Lactation, 13(4), 279–283. https://doi.org/10.1177/08903344970130
3.
AlnuaimiK.KassabM.AliR.MohammadK.ShattnawiK. (2017). Pregnancy outcomes among Syrian refugee and Jordanian women: A comparative study. International Nursing Review, 64(4), 584–592. https://doi.org/10.1111/inr.12382
4.
AydınR.KorukcuO.KabukcuogluK. (2017). Transition to motherhood as an immigrant: Risks and obstacles/Bir Gocmen Olarak Annelige Gecis: Riskler ve Engeller. Psikiyatride Guncel Yaklasimlar/Current Approaches to Psychiatry, 9(3), 250–263 (in Turkish). https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/273427
5.
Aykanat GirginB.CimeteG. (2017). Rehospitalization of preterm infants according to the discharge risk level. Journal for Specialists in Pediatric Nursing, 22(1), Article e12165. https://doi.org/10.1111/jspn.12165
6.
BüyüktiryakiM.CanpolatF. E.Alyamaç DizdarE.OkurN.KadıoğluŞimşekG. (2015). Neonatal outcomes of Syrian refugees delivered in a tertiary hospital in Ankara, Turkey. Conflict and Health, 9(1), 38.
7.
CallisterL. C. (2022). Culturally sensitive care of immigrant and refugee mothers with babies in the NICU. MCN: The American Journal of Maternal/Child Nursing, 47(1), 55. https://doi.org/10.1097/NMC.0000000000000782
8.
ÇetinkayaB.CeylanS. S. (2023). Immigrant families in the neonatal intensive care unit: Barriers in nursing care. Ordu Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Çalışmaları Dergisi/Ordu University Journal of Nursing Studies, 6(1), 26–34. https://doi.org/10.38108/ouhcd.1039793
9.
CoughlinM. E. (2021). Transformative nursing in the NICU: Trauma-informed, age-appropriate care. Springer.
10.
DemirtasZ.CelikR. (2017). Examining the resources breastfeeding information mothers: Instagram example./Emziren annelerin emzirme bilgilerinin kaynaklarinin incelenmesi: Instagram örneği. Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi/ Mehmet Akif Ersoy University Journal of Social Sciences Institute, 22(9), 389–403. https://doi.org/10.20875/makusobed.349394
11.
GianniM. L.BezzeE. N.SanninoP.BaroM.RoggeroP.MuscoloS.. . .MoscaF. (2018). Maternal views on facilitators of and barriers to breastfeeding preterm infants. BMC Pediatrics, 18, 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-018-1260-2
12.
GianniM. L.RoggeroP.MoscaF. (2019). Human milk protein vs. formula protein and their use in preterm infants. Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition & Metabolic Care, 22(1), 76–81. https://doi.org/10.1097/MCO.0000000000000528
13.
GuerreroA. D.ChenJ.InkelasM.RodriguezH. P.OrtegaA. N. (2010). Racial and ethnic disparities in pediatric experiences of family-centered care. Medical Care, 48(4), 388. https://doi.org/10.1097/MLR.0b013e3181ca3ef7
14.
HilditchC.HowesA.DempsterN.KeirA. (2019). What evidence-based strategies have been shown to improve breastfeeding rates in preterm infants?Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health, 55(8), 907–914. https://doi.org/10.1111/jpc.14551
15.
HiraniS. A. A.RichterS. (2019). Maternal and child health during forced displacement. Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 51(3), 252–261. https://doi.org/10.1111/jnu.12460
16.
HudaM. H.ChipojolaR.LinY. M.LeeG. T.ShyuM. L.KuoS. Y. (2022). The influence of breastfeeding educational interventions on breast engorgement and exclusive breastfeeding: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Human Lactation, 38(1), 156–170. https://doi.org/10.1177/08903344211029279
JensenD.WallaceS.KelsayP. (1994). LATCH: A breastfeeding charting system and documentation tool. Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic, & Neonatal Nursing, 23(1), 27–32. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1552-6909.1994.tb01847.x
19.
KarabudakS. S.ErgünS. (2013). Neonatal diseases and nursing care/Yenidoğan hastalıkları ve hemşirelik bakımı. In ConkZ.BaşbakkalZ.Bal YılmazH.BolışıkB. (Eds.), Pediatric Nursing/Pediatri Hemşireliği (pp. 289–352). Akademisyen Tıp Kitabevi (in Turkish).
20.
KüçükkendirciH.BatıS. (2020). Evaluation of the view on refugees and asylum-seekers by healthcare professionals in Konya. Journal of General Health Sciences, 2(2), 28–39 (in Turkish). https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/982941
21.
KüçükoğluS.AytekinA.AteşeyanS. (2015). Comparison of breastfeeding tendencies and breastfeeding self-efficacy of mothers whose baby staying in newborn intensive care unit/Yenidoğan yoğun bakim ünitesinde bebeği yatan annelerin bebeklerine anne sütü verme eğilimleri ile emzirme öz yeterliliklerinin karşilaştirilmasi. Balıkesir Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi/ Balıkesir Journal of Health Sciences, 4(2), 71–78 (in Turkish). https://doi.org/10.5505/bsbd.2015.97659
22.
KynoeN. M.FugelsethD.HanssenI. (2020). When a common language is missing: Nurse–mother communication in the NICU. A qualitative study.Journal of Clinical Nursing, 29(13-14), 2221–2230. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocn.15212
23.
LebelV.ArgiropoulosN.RobinsS.CharbonneauL.FeeleyN. (2022). Family-centred care and breastfeeding self-efficacy determined how ready mothers were for their infants to be discharged from a neonatal intensive care unit. Acta Paediatrica, 111(12), 2299–2306. https://doi.org/10.1111/apa.16538
24.
LechnerB. E.VohrB. R. (2017). Neurodevelopmental outcomes of preterm infants fed human milk: A systematic review. Clinics in Perinatology, 44(1), 69–83. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clp.2016.11.004
25.
LinaresA. M.WambachK.RayensM. K.WigginsA.ColemanE.DignanM. B. (2017). Modeling the influence of early skin-to-skin contact on exclusive breastfeeding in a sample of Hispanic immigrant women.Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health, 19, 1027–1034. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10903-016-0380-8
McGowanE. C.AbdullaL. S.HawesK. K.TuckerR.VohrB. R. (2019). Maternal immigrant status and readiness to transition to home from the NICU. Pediatrics, 143(5), Article e20182657. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2018-2657
28.
MeydanliogluA.ArikanF.GozumS. (2015). Cultural sensitivity levels of university students receiving education in health disciplines.Advances in Health Sciences Education, 20, 1195–1204. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10459-015-9595-z
29.
ÖzkayaM.KorukcuO.AuneI. (2022). Breastfeeding attitudes of refugee women from Syria and influencing factors: A study based on the transition theory. Perspectives in Public Health, 142(1), 46–55. https://doi.org/10.1177/1757913920964520
30.
QuinteroS. M.StrassleP. D.Londoño TobónA.PonceS.AlhomsiA.MaldonadoA. I.. . .NápolesA. M. (2023). Race/ethnicity-specific associations between breastfeeding information source and breastfeeding rates among US women. BMC Public Health, 23(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-023-15447-8
RacapeJ.SchoenbornC.SowM.AlexanderS.De SpiegelaereM. (2016). Are all immigrant mothers really at risk of low birth weight and perinatal mortality? The crucial role of socio-economic status. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 16(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-016-0860-9
33.
RiggsE.DavisE.GibbsL.BlockK.SzwarcJ.CaseyS.WatersE. (2012). Accessing maternal and child health services in Melbourne, Australia: Reflections from refugee families and service providers. BMC Health Services Research, 12(1), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6963-12-117
34.
RuddockH. C.TurnerD. S. (2007). Developing cultural sensitivity: Nursing students’ experiences of a study abroad programme. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 59(4), 361–369. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2648.2007.04312.x
35.
SandyJ. M.AnisfeldE.RamirezE. (2009). Effects of a prenatal intervention on breastfeeding initiation rates in a Latina immigrant sample. Journal of Human Lactation, 25(4), 404–411. https://doi.org/10.1177/0890334409337308
36.
SongJ. T.KinshellaM. L. W.KawazaK.GoldfarbD. M. (2023). Neonatal intensive care unit interventions to improve breastfeeding rates at discharge among preterm and low birth weight infants: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Breastfeeding Medicine, 18(2), 97–106. https://doi.org/10.1089/bfm.2022.0151
TsengJ. F.ChenS. R.AuH. K.ChipojolaR.LeeG. T.LeeP. H.. . .KuoS. Y. (2020). Effectiveness of an integrated breastfeeding education program to improve self-efficacy and exclusive breastfeeding rate: A single-blind, randomised controlled study. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 111, 103770. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2020.103770
41.
TurkayÜ.AydınÜ.SalıcıM.ÇalışkanE.TerziH.AstepeB. S.VarlıklıO. (2020). Comparison of pregnant Turkish women and Syrian refugees: Does living as a refugee have an unfavorable effect on pregnancy outcomes?International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics, 149(2), 160–165. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijgo.13117
42.
UrbaniakG. C.PlousS. (2013). Research randomizer (Version 4.0) [Computer software]. http://www.randomizer.org/
43.
UzunçakmakT.Gökşinİ.Ayaz-AlkayaS. (2022). The effect of social media-based support on breastfeeding self-efficacy: A randomised controlled trial. The European Journal of Contraception & Reproductive Health Care, 27(2), 159–165. https://doi.org/10.1080/13625187.2021.1946500
44.
VizzariG.MorniroliD.ConsalesA.CapelliV.CrippaB. L.ColomboL.. . .GiannìM. L. (2020). Knowledge and attitude of health staff towards breastfeeding in NICU setting: Are we there yet? An Italian survey.European Journal of Pediatrics, 179, 1751–1759. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00431-020-03678-5
45.
VuralT.GölbaşıC.BayraktarB.GölbaşıH.YıldırımA. G. (2021). Are Syrian refugees at high risk for adverse pregnancy outcomes? A comparison study in a tertiary center in Turkey. Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Research, 47(4), 1353–1361. https://doi.org/10.1111/jog.14673
46.
World Health Organization, & United Nations Children’s Fund. (2020). Protecting, promoting and supporting breastfeeding: The baby-friendly hospital initiative for small, sick and preterm newborns. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240005648
47.
YalçınS. S.Erat NergizM.ElciÖ. C.ZikusookaM.YalçinS.SucakliM. B.KeklikK. (2022). Breastfeeding practices among Syrian refugees in Turkey. International Breastfeeding Journal, 17(1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13006-022-00450-3
