A concept analysis of the father's role is presented from a Japanese perspective. To conceptualize the term father's role, the process for concept analysis was employed. The analysis resulted in a definition of the term and four defining attributes. Two dimensions of the father's role emerged as being most commonly used or implied: a behavioral dimension and a consequential dimension. Each of these dimensions had another four subcategories in terms of the direction of the consequences: those were to the child, the mother, the family, and the father himself. The findings will assist in instrument development and to a further understanding of the concept that will stimulate nursing theory development and research.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
Akashi, H., & Suga, M. (1995). Ikuji ni taisuru chichioya no ninshiki to sanka [Father's perception and involvement with child rearing]. Shonikango, 18(10), 1388-1394.
2.
Azuma, K., & Suzuki, A. (1991). Sei-yakuwari-taido kenkyu no tenbou [Review of research on sex role attitudes]. Shinrigakukenkyu, 62(4), 270-276.
3.
Cabrera, N. J., Tamis-LeMonda, C. S., Bradley, R. H., Hofferth, S., & Lamb, M. E. (2000). Fatherhood in the twenty-first century. Child Development, 71(1), 127-136.
4.
Chinn, P. L., & Kramer, M. K. (1995). Theory and nursing: A systematic approach (4th ed.). St. Louis, MO: C. V. Mosby.
5.
Friedman, M. M. (1981). Family nursing: Theory & assessment. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts.
6.
Fujiwara, C., Hinokuma, F., & Ishii, K. (1997). Chichioya no ikuji-kajikoudou ni kansuru juudanteki kenkyu [A longitudinal study on the childrearing behavior of Japanese fathers]. Shonihokenkenkyu, 56(6), 794-800.
7.
Fujiwara, C., Hinokuma, F., Ishii, K., & Ueda, Y. (1996). Nyuji wo motsu chichioya no youiku-taido no keisei ni kansuru kenkyu [Research on the development of father's nurturing attitude with baby]. Shonikango, 19 (13), 1774-1781.
8.
Fukumaru, Y., Muto, T., & Iinaga, K. (1999). Nyuyouji-ki no kodomo wo mostu oya niokeru shigoto-kan kodomo-kan: Chichioya no ikuji-sanka tono kanren [Concepts of work and children among parents of young children: In relation to paternal involvement in child care]. Hattatsushinrigakukenkyu, 10(3), 189-198.
9.
Hattori, R., & Mori, C. (1997). Hoiku-kei gakusei nimiru jiga-doitsusei no kakutoku to chichioya no yakuwari [A study on the role of father's support on the ego-identity development of college students majoring in child-care]. Shonihokenkenkyu, 56(5), 678-683.
10.
Honda, K., Yamamoto, K., Uemura, S., & Morita, M. (1998). Shokudouheisashou to shindan sare chouki nyuin wo shiteiru ji wo motsu ryou-shin eno enjo [Nursing care for the parents with hospitalized children who are diagnosed as esophagial atresia]. Shounikango, 21(7), 817-821.
11.
Ida, S. (Ed.). (1977). Shin-kyouikushinrigaku-jiten [New educational and psychological dictionary]. Tokyo: Kanekoshobou.
12.
Iwata, H. (1998). Chichioya ni tsuite no bunken kenkyu [Review of researches on fatherhood]. Tsukubadaigakuiryougijutsutankidaigakubukenkyuhoukoku, 19, 9-20.
13.
Kashiwagi, K. (Ed.). (1993). Chichioya no hattatsu-shinrigaku [Develop-mental psychology of father]. Tokyo: Kawashimashoten.
14.
Kashiwagi, K. (Ed.). (1998). Kekkon, kazoku no shinrigaku [Psychology of marriage and family]. Kyoto, Japan: Mineruva Shobou.
15.
Kashiwagi, K., & Wakamatsu, M. (1994). “Oya to naru” kotoniyoru jinkakuhattatsu: Shougai-hattatsuteki-shiten kara oya wo kenkyu suru kokoromi [“Becoming a parent” and personality development: A lifespan developmental view]. Hattatsushinrigakukenkyu, 5(1), 72-83.
16.
Katoh, K. (1992). Chichioya no sei-yakuwari ishiki to fushi kakawari no kanren ni tsuite [The relationship between the father's sex role attitude and the father's involvement with the child]. Kateikyouikukenkyujokiyou, 14, 117-123.
17.
Kawai, H. (1994). Ikuji ni okeru chichioya no yakuwari to hoken-shidou ni kansuru kenkyu III [Research on health guidance and the father's role during the period of child-rearing: Part III]. Heisei 6nendo kouseishou shinshinshougai kenkyu. Tokyo: The Ministry of Health and Welfare.
18.
Kawai, H. (1999). Chichioya no yakuwari to chichioya mensetsu [The father's role and father interview]. Shounihokenkenkyu, 58(2), 197-203.
19.
Kohno, R. (1992). Chichioya-yakuwari kenkyu niokeru new father ron [Cur-rent trend of the “newfather” as an emergent paternal role]. Younenkyouikunenpo, 14, 25-36.
20.
Kohno, R. (1994). Oya-yakuwari ni kansuru kenkyu (II)—Nyuyouji-ki no chichioya no kaji-ikuji sanka no hyouka wo megutte [A study on parental role (II)—The consequences of increasing parental involvement in family work]. Hijiyamajoshitankidaigakukiyou, 29, 63-73.
21.
Kumada, T., Kaku, M., & Watanabe, C. (1998). Insulin izongatatounyoubyou wo motsu kazoku eno iryou-gijutsu-shidou no jissai [Teaching medical technique to the families of IDDM children]. Shonikango, 21(7), 807-816.
22.
Kuroda, M., Nakayama, M., & Ishiwata, S. (1998). Nyuji-ki ni CAPD ryohou dounyu to naru kazoku eno taiin-shidou [Discharge guidance to the families of children who were introduced CAPD therapy under one year old]. Shonikango, 21(7), 802-806.
23.
Makino, K., Nakano, Y., & Kashiwagi, K. (Eds.). (1996). Kodomo no hattatsu to chichioya no yakuwari [Child development and father's role]. Kyoto, Japan: Mineruva Shobou.
24.
Masumori, K. (1998). Chichioya ni taisuru kango no enjo to yakuwari [Nursing care and role to fathers]. Shounikango, 21(7), 836-839.
25.
Murakami, K. (1999). Kodomo no nyuin ni tomonau chichioya no yakuwari henka: Fubo no ishiki no sa wo chushin ni [Father's role change who have hospitalized children: Comparison between parents' cognitions]. Kana- gawakenritsukangokyoikudaigakkokangokyoikukenkyushuroku, 24, 452-457.
26.
Murakami, Y., Uchiyama, S., Kawagoshi, H., Yamamoto, S., Hiratsuka, S., Yoshimura, S., & Seino, K. (1995). Tsuma no ninshinki ni okeru fusei-sei (dai 1 pou): Fusei-sei wo kousei suru youin [Fathering during pregnancy (1st report): Factors constructing fathering]. Boseieisei, 36(2), 250-258.
27.
Nakano, Y. (1992). 3-sai-ji no hattatsu to fushi-kankei [Three-year-old children's development and father-child relationship]. Kateikyouikukenkyujokiyou, 14, 124-129.
28.
Ninomiya, T. (1995). Otto ga chichioa ni naru tameno sapoht [Support for husband to become father]. Josanpuzasshi, 49(7), 537-542.
29.
Ninomiya, T., Deguchi, Y., & Ogata, M. (1995). Bonyu-hoiku to chichioya no yakuwari [Maternal breastfeeding and paternal roles in the family]. Shonihokenkenkyu, 54(1), 66-70.
30.
Ogata, K. (1990). Kodomo no hattatsu ni okeru chichioya no yakuwari ni tsuite no kenkyu (III)—Chichioya no kodomo ni taisuru ikuji to kodomo no shakaisei tono kanren [Research on the father's role for child development (III)—Relationship between father's involvement and the children's social ability]. Kokusaigakuinsaitamatankidaigakukenkyukiyou, 11, 29-41.
31.
Ogata, K. (1991). Kodomo no hattatsu ni okeru chichioya no yakuwari ni tsuite no kenkyu (IV)—Danji-joji eno ikuji no kakawari to kodomo no shakaisei no hattatsu [Research on the father's role for child development (IV)—Relationship between father's involvement with male/female children and their social ability]. Kokusaigakuinsaitamatankidaigakukenkyukiyou, 12, 19-31.
32.
Ogata, K. (1992). Kodomo no hattatsu ni okeru chichioya no yakuwari ni tsuite no kenkyu (V)—Chichioya no ikuji eno kyouryoku to hahaoya no ikuji-sanyo [Research on the father's role for child development (V)— Father's involvement and mother's involvement]. Kokusaigakuinsaitamatankidaigakukenkyukiyou, 13, 3-12.
33.
Ohama, I. (2000). Boshi-yuchaku-shakai ni okeru fufu-kankei to fusei [Marital relationship and fathering in a mother-child symbiotic society]. Josanpuzasshi, 54(9), 25-30.
34.
Ohtsubo, R., Monma, T., Ohkubo, Y., Araki, Y., Sekiguchi, M., Kojima, Y., & Ito, A. (1998). Zensoku-ji wo motsu kazoku eno chichioya wo fukumeta nichijou-seikatsu no jissai [Teaching about daily life to the families including fathers of asthma children]. Shonikango, 21(7), 787-795.
35.
Onodera, A., Aoki, K., & Koyama, M. (1998). Chichioya ni naru ishiki no keisei katei [Becoming a father: Psychological processes]. Hattatsushinrigakukenkyu, 9(2), 121-130.
36.
Oohinata, M. (2000). Bosei/fusei kara ikujisei e [Toward nurturing from mothering and fathering]. Josanpuzasshi, 54(9), 9-13.
37.
Sameshima, M. (1998). “Bosei” “Fusei” ni ruiji suru yougo no kentou [Concept analysis of motherhood and fatherhood: Developing a new frame-work for psychological aspects in parenthood research]. Kagoshimajunshinjoshidaigakukangogakubukiyou, 3, 80-92.
38.
Sameshima, M. (1999). Chichioya to hahaoya ni okeru kodomo no tanjou ni tomonau “oyasei” no shinri-teki henyou (1)—“Oyasei” shakudo no sakusei to inshikouzou no kentou [Psychological changes of fathers and mothers during pregnancy (1)—Measurement of the concept of “parent-hood”]. Nihonkangokenkyugakkaizasshi, 22(5), 23-35.
39.
Shimonaka, K. (Ed.). (1979). Tetsugakujiten [Dictionary of philosophy]. Tokyo: Heibonsha.
Shiomi, T. (2000). Genndai fuseiron [Contemporary perspective of fathering]. Josanpuzasshi, 54(9), 47-51.
42.
Shwalb, D. W., Imaizumi, N., & Nakazawa, J. (1987). The modern Japanese father: Roles and problems in a changing society. In M. E. Lamb (Ed.), The father's role: Cross-cultural perspectives (pp. 247-269). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
43.
Takahashi, M., Narita, T., & Satou, Y. (1999). Tomobataraki no chichioya no ikuji-kaji-koudou no jittai to yakuwari tono kanren [The relationship between parenting & household behavior and father's role in dual-earner families]. Nihonkangogakkaironbunshu 29 kai boseikangogou, 121-123.
44.
Tanaka, C. (1998). Kazoku sisutemu-ron kara kangaeru chichioya no yakuwari [Father's role from the perspective of family system theory]. Shounikango, 21(7), 831-835.
45.
Tanaka, Y., Nagata, M., & Miyazato, K. (1998). Fusei no hattatsu to fushikankei no keisei [Development of fatherhood and father-child relationship]. Shounikango, 21(7), 822-826.
46.
Thornton, R., & Nardi, P. M. (1975). The dynamics of role acquisition. American Journal of Sociology, 80(4), 870-885.
47.
Tsunetsugu, K., Kawai, H., Shouji, J., Yokoi, S., Wakamaseki, K., Ooyabu, Y., Morita, H., Yoshida, H., Shwalb, D., Nojiri, M., Ozaki, M., Andou, N., Kai, S., & Nishibayashi, Y. (1993). Ikuji ni okeru chichioya no yakuwari ni kansuru chousakenkyu [Research on the father's role in terms of child-rearing]. Heisei 5nendo kouseishou shinshinshougai kenkyu. Tokyo: The Ministry of Health and Welfare.
48.
Yoshida, H., Nojiri, M., Ando, A., & Kobayashi, M. (1997). Ikuji ni okeru chichioya no yakuwari to chichioya eno enjo ni kansuru kenkyu sono 1: kodomo no shinriteki-mondai to chichioya no yakuwari tono kanren-sei [The effects of fathering on childrearing and possible support for the fathers—1st study: The relationship between the psychological problems of children and the parental role played by the fathers]. Shonihokenkenkyu, 56(1), 20-26.
49.
Yoshino, J. (1998). Kazoku no raifusaikuru ni okeru chichioya no yakuwari [Father's role in the family life cycle]. Shounikango, 21(7), 827-830.
50.
Walker, L. O., & Avant, K. C. (1995). Strategies for theory construction in nursing (3rd ed.). Norwalk, CT: Appleton & Lange.
51.
Watanabe, I. (1999). Tsuma no ninshinki kara bunbengo madeno fusei no henka [Development of fatherhood during their wives' pregnancies to the puerperium]. Kanagawakenritsukangokyouikudaigakkokangokyouikukenkyushuroku, 24, 478-485.
