The Utility of Bilingualism

Abstract

This article proposes an analytical model of linguistic behavior in a bilingual community. The starting point is the assumption that conversation is an interaction among individuals to which rational choice analysis can be applied. Two attitudes—adaptive and nonadaptive—are defined. Using game theory, five types of linguistic behavior are established as a result of the different combinations of persons with adaptive attitudes and nonadaptive attitudes in conversation groups. The results of each linguistic behavior are evaluated for their effect on the promotion of any language. Likewise, the individual and collective utility of each linguistic behavior is calculated, introducing the concept of disutility of use of the second language. Finally, the most effective behaviors for the promotion of the majority language—a goal which seems to be pursued in many countries—are compared with the behaviors which bring about greater utility for individuals and the community.

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