Modeling Fire Safety in Multi-Use,Domed Stadia

Abstract

Smoke control system design for domed, multi-use stadia is discussed. Two design fires were considered, one on the playing field, or the large open assembly area associated with a nonsports use of the stadium, and one under the stands, typically a fire in a concession. The open assembly area (playing field) fire included a tall fire plume which entrained a great deal of air. This resulted in diluted smoke arriving at the top of the dome, sometimes in concentrations which would pose minimal threat to occupants in the structure. Very large volume air movements were involved in venting this dilute smoke. A concession fire, under the stands on a concourse was simulated. Concourses usually loop completely around the stadium. Smoke flow laterally along the con course, if controlled, can impact ventilation requirements. The movement of patrons to the exits involved bridges across the upper concourse. Smoke density at these bridges and/or the vomitories was a major design constraint.