Increasing environmental uncertainty has focused greater attention on firms’ overall business orientations, particularly on the marketing orientation and the entrepreneurial orientation. The major purpose of this empirical investigation was to determine whether the marketing orientation and entrepreneurial orientation represent the same or two unique business philosophies.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
AllenM. J., & YenW. M. (1979). Introduction to measurement theory.Monterey, CA: Brooks/Cole.
2.
ArmstrongJ., & OvertonT. S. (1977). Estimating nonresponse bias in mail surveys.Journal of Marketing Research, 16(August), 396–402.
3.
BarksdaleH. C., & DardenB. (1971). Marketers’ attitudes toward the marketing concept.Journal of Marketing, 35(October), 29–36.
4.
BartlettP. J., ScheweC. D., & AllenC. T. (1984). Marketing orientation: How do hospital administrators compare with marketing managers?Health Care Management Review, 9(Winter), 77–86.
5.
BellM. L., & EmoryC. W. (1971). The faltering marketing concept.Journal of Marketing, 35(October), 37–42.
6.
BennettR. C., & CooperR. G. (1979). Beyond the marketing concept,Business Horizons, 22 (June), 76–83.
7.
BennettR. C., & CooperR. G. (1981). The misuse of marketing: An American tragedy.Business Horizons, 24(November), 51–61.
8.
BorchF. J. (1957). The marketing philosophy as a way of business life.New York: General Electric.
9.
CanningG.Jr. (1988). Is your company marketing oriented?Journal of Business Strategy, 9(May/June), 38–44.
10.
CattellR. B. (1978). The scientific use of factor analysis in behavioral and life sciences.New York: Plenum Press.
11.
ChagantiR., & SambharyaR. (1987). Strategic orientation and characteristics of upper management.Strategic Management Journal, 8, 393–401.
12.
ChurchillG. A.Jr. (1979). A paradigm for developing better measures of marketing constructs.Journal of Marketing Research, 16(February), 64–73.
13.
CovinJ. G., & SlevinD. P. (1989). Strategic management of small firms in hostile and benign environments.Strategic Management Journal, 10(January), 75–87.
14.
DeshpandeR., & WebsterF. E.Jr. (1989). Organizational culture and marketing: Defining the research agenda.Journal of Marketing, 53(January), 3–15.
15.
FeltonA. P. (1959). Making the marketing concept work.Harvard Business Review, 37(July-August), 55–65.
16.
FoxallG. (1984). Corporate innovation: Marketing and strategy.New York: St. Martin's Press.
17.
GinsbergA. (1985). Measuring changes in entrepreneurial orientation following industry deregulation: The development of a diagnostic instrument. In RobertsG. B. (Ed.), Proceedings: Discovering entrepreneurship.Marietta, GA: U.S. Affiliate of the International Council for Small Business.
18.
HairJ. F.Jr., AndersonR. E., & TathamR. L. (1987). Multivariate data analysis: With readings.New York: Macmillan.
19.
HayesH. M. (1988). Another chance for the marketing concept.Business, 38(1), 10–18.
20.
HiseR. T. (1965). Have manufacturing firms adopted the marketing concept?Journal of Marketing, 29(July), 9–12.
21.
HillsG. E. (1987). Marketing and entrepreneurship research issues: Scholarly justification? In HillsG. E. (Ed.). Research at the marketing/entrepreneurship interface.Marietta, GA: United States Association for Small Business and Entrepreneurship.
22.
HoustonF. S. (1986). The marketing concept: What it is and what it is not.Journal of Marketing, 50(April), 81–87.
23.
HuntS. D. (1983). Marketing theory: The philosophy of marketing science.Homewood, IL: Richard D. Irwin, Inc.
24.
KeithR. J. (1959). An interpretation of the marketing concept. In Advancing Marketing Efficiency, Proceedings of the forty-first National Conference. Chicago: American Marketing Association.
25.
KerlingerF. N. (1986). Foundations of behavioral research.New York: Holt, Rinehart, and Winston.
26.
KhandwallaP. N. (1976/77). Some top management styles, their context and performance.Organization and Administrative Sciences, 7(Winter), 21–51.
27.
KhandwallaP. N. (1977). The design of organizations.New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich.
28.
KingR. L. (1965). The marketing concept. In SchwartzG. (Ed.), Science in marketing.New York: John Wiley.
29.
KonopaL. J., & CalabroP. J. (1971). Adoption of the marketing concept by large northeastern Ohio manufacturers.Akron Business and Economic Review, 2(Spring), 9–13.
LambC. W.Jr., & CromptonJ. L. (1986). Contrasting marketing and selling orientations in government organizations.Journal of Professional Services Marketing, 2(Fall/Winter), 157–167.
32.
LawtonL., & ParasuramanA. (1980). The impact of the marketing concept on new product planning.Journal of Marketing, 44(Winter), 19–25.
33.
LuschR. F., & LaczniakG. R. (1987). The evolving marketing concept, competitive intensity and organizational performance.Academy of Marketing Science, 15(Spring), 1–11.
34.
McCarthyE., & PerreaultW. D. (1984). Basic marketing.Homewood, IL: Richard D. Irwin, Inc.
35.
McClellandD. C. (1976). The achieving society.New York: Irvington Publishers, Inc.
36.
McNamaraC. P. (1972). The present status of the marketing concept.Journal of Marketing, 36(January), 50–57.
37.
MeyersM. (1986). Students need the truth about entrepreneurship.Marketing News, July 18, 34.
38.
MilesM. P. (1989). An empirical investigation of the relationship between the marketing orientation and entrepreneurial orientation. Unpublished doctoral thesis, Mississippi State University.
39.
MillerD. (1983). The correlates of entrepreneurship in three types of firms.Management Science, 29(July) 770–791.
40.
MillerD., & FriesenP. H. (1983). Strategy-making and environment: The third link.Strategic Management Journal, 4, (July) 221–235.
41.
MorrisM. H., & PaulG. W. (1987). The relationship between entrepreneurship and marketing in established firms.Journal of Business Venturing, 2(3), 247–259.
42.
MurrayJ. A. (1981). Marketing is home for the entrepreneurial process.Industrial Marketing Management, 10(2), 93–99.
43.
NunnallyJ. C. (1978). Psychometric theory.New York: McGraw-Hill.
44.
O'ConnorM. (1987). New facilities in 1986: Another strong year. In LyneJ. (Ed.), Site selection handbook.Atlanta: Conway Data Inc.
45.
ParasuramanA. (1983). Marketing-orientation of industrial vs. consumer goods firms.Akron Business and Economic Review, 14(Summer), 41–45.
46.
PeterJ. P. (1979). Reliability: A review of psychometric basics and recent marketing practices.Journal of Marketing Research, 21(February), 6–17.
47.
PetersonR. T. (1989). Small business adoption of the marketing concept vs. other business strategies.Journal of Small Business Management, 27(January), 38–46.
48.
ShaperoA., & SokolL. (1982). The social dimensions of entrepreneurship. In KentC. A., SextonD. L., & VesperK. H. (Eds.), Encyclopedia of entrepreneurship.Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
49.
SmartC., & VertinskyI. (1984). Strategy and the environment: A case study of corporate responses to crises.Strategic Management Journal, 5, (July) 199–213.
50.
SmithG. D., ArnoldD. R., & BizzellB. G. (1988). Business strategy and policy.Boston: Houghton Mifflin.
51.
U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census. (1986). 1982 Census of Manufacturers.Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office.
52.
WebsterF. E.Jr. (1981). Top management's concerns about marketing: Issues for the 1980's.Journal of Marketing, 45(Summer), 9–16.
53.
ZeithamlC. P., & ZeithamlV. A. (1984). Environmental management: Revising the marketing perspective.Journal of Marketing, 48(Spring), 46–53.
54.
ZelditchM. (1962). Some methodological problems of field studies.American Journal of Sociology, 67(March), 566–576.
