This paper reviews various definitions of entrepreneurship employed by a number of theoretical economists since Richard Cantillon (circa 1730). Three recurring themes emerge from their definitions, namely that “entrepreneurship” involves: 1) uncertainty and risk, 2) complementary managerial competence, and 3) creative opportunism. The authors argue that modern definitions of entrepreneurship that exclude any of these three fundamental dimensions are basically incomplete.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
BadianE.Publicans and Sinners: Private Enterprise in the Service of the Roman Republic.Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1972.
2.
BartelsRobert. Marketing Theory and Metatheory.Homewood, Illinois: Irwin, 1970.
3.
CampbellR.H., and WilsonR.G.Entrepreneurship in Britain 1750-1939.London: Adam and Charles Black, 1975.
4.
CantillonRichard. Essai Sur la Nature du Commerce en General.London, 1755.
5.
ChandlerAlfred D.The Visible Hand: The Managerial Revolution in American Business.Cambridge, Mass.: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1977.
6.
HarwoodEdwin. “The Sociology of Entrepreneurship.” In KentC.A., SextonD.L., and VesperK.H. eds., Encyclopedia of Entrepreneurship, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1982.
7.
HerbertRobert F., & LinkAlbert N.The Entrepreneur, New York: Praeger Publishers,1982.
8.
HoselitzBert F.“The Early History of Entrepreneurial Theory,”Explorations in Entrepreneurial History, 3(4): 193–220 (1951).
9.
KirznerIsrael M.Competition and Entrepreneurship.Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1973.
10.
KirznerIsrael M.Perception, Opportunity and Profit.Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.
11.
KirznerIsrael M.“The Theory of Entrepreneurship in Economic Growth.” In Kent, Sexton, Vesper, eds. Encyclopedia of Entrepreneurship, (Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1982), pp. 272–276.
12.
KnightFrank H.The Economic Organization.New York: Augustus M. Kelley, 1967.
LeibensteinH.“Entrepreneurship and Development.”American Econimic Review, (May, 1968), pp 72–83.
15.
LeibensteinH.“The General X-Efficiency Paradigm and the Role of the Entrepreneur.” In RizzoM.J., ed., Time, Uncertainty and Disequilibrium, (Lexington, Mass.: Lexington Books, 1979), pp 127–139.