Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) has been increasingly linked to entrepreneurship, yet existing findings remain fragmented and, at times, contradictory. This meta-analysis synthesizes 298 effect sizes from 47 studies to examine the relationships between ADHD (inattention, hyperactivity/impulsivity, total symptoms, and clinical diagnosis) and entrepreneurial attitudes, behaviors, and post-launch outcomes. The results show hyperactivity/impulsivity is positively associated with entrepreneurial attitudes and behaviors, but not significantly related to post-launch outcomes. Conversely, inattention is negatively associated with post-launch outcomes. Total ADHD symptoms and diagnosis are positively related to entrepreneurial behaviors, yet negatively linked to outcomes. We conclude by proposing directions for future research.
AbdelnourE.JansenM. O.GoldJ. A. (2022). ADHD diagnostic trends: Increased recognition or overdiagnosis?Missouri Medicine, 119(5), 467.
2.
AbelsonR. P. (1985). A variance explanation paradox: When a little is a lot. Psychological Bulletin, 97(1), 129.
3.
American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. American Psychiatric Association.
4.
AntonakisJ.BendahanS.JacquartP.LaliveR. (2010). On making causal claims: A review and recommendations. The Leadership Quarterly, 21(6), 1086–1120.
5.
AntshelK. M. (2018). Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and entrepreneurship. Academy of Management Perspectives, 32(2), 243–265.
6.
BaciuE. L.VîrgaD.LazarT. A. (2020). What characteristics help entrepreneurs ‘make it’early on in their entrepreneurial careers? Findings of a regional study from Romania. Sustainability, 12(12), 5028.
7.
BarkleyR.FischerM.SmallishL.FletcherK. (2006). Young adult outcome of hyperactive children: Adaptive functioning in major life activities. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 45(2), 192–202.
8.
BaronR. A. (2006). Opportunity recognition as pattern recognition: How entrepreneurs “connect the dots” to identify new business opportunities. Academy of management perspectives, 20(1), 104–119.
9.
BiedermanJ.MickE.FaraoneS. V. (2000). Age-dependent decline of symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: Impact of remission definition and symptom type. American Journal of Psychiatry, 157, 816–818.
10.
Boada-GrauJ.Vallejo-VélezM.Serrano-FernándezM.-J.Sánchez-GarcíaJ. C.Boada-CuervaM.Assens-SerraJ.Vigil-ColetA. (2021). Curiosity as a moderating variable between Impulsivity and Entrepreneurial Orientation. Anales de Psicologia, 37(2), 334–340.
11.
BorensteinM.HedgesL. V.HigginsJ. P.RothsteinH. R. (2009). Introduction to meta-analysis. John Wiley & Sons.
12.
BortJ.WiklundJ.CrawfordG. C.LernerD. A.HuntR. A. (2024). The strategic advantage of impulsivity in entrepreneurial action: An agent-based modeling approach. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 48(2), 547–580.
13.
CanitsI.BernosterI.MukerjeeJ.BonnetJ.RizzoU.Rosique-BlascoM. (2019). Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms and academic entrepreneurial preference: Is there an association?Small Business Economics, 53, 369–380.
14.
CardonM. S.WincentJ.DrnovsekM. (2009). The Nature and Experience of Entrepreneurial Passion. The Academy of Management Review, 34(3), 511–532.
15.
ChinnS. (2000). A simple method for converting an odds ratio to effect size for use in meta-analysis. Statistics in Medicine, 19(22), 3127–3131.
16.
ChristiansenM. S.LabriolaM.KirkeskovL.LundT. (2021). The impact of childhood diagnosed ADHD versus controls without ADHD diagnoses on later labour market attachment—a systematic review of longitudinal studies. Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health, 15(1), 34.
17.
CollierD. (2011). Understanding process tracing. PS: Political Science & Politics, 44(4), 823–830.
18.
CovinJ.SlevinD. (1986). The development and testing of an organizational-level entrepreneurship scale. In RonstadtR.HornadyJ.PetersonR.YesperK. (Eds.), Frontiers of Entrepreneurship Research (pp. 628–639). Babson College.
19.
CorteseS.SongM.FarhatL. C.YonD. K.LeeS. W.KimM. S.ParkS.OhJ. W.LeeS.CheonK. A.SmithL.GoslingC. J.PolanczykG. V.LarssonH.RohdeL. A.FaraoneS. V.KoyanagiA.DragiotiE.RaduaJ.SolmiM. (2023). Incidence, prevalence, and global burden of ADHD from 1990 to 2019 across 204 countries: Data, with critical re-analysis, from the Global Burden of Disease study. Molecular Psychiatry, 28(11), 4823–4830.
DimicN.OrlovV. (2014). Entrepreneurial tendencies among people with ADHD. International Review of Entrepreneurship, 13(3), 187–204.
22.
DoanX. H.LeT. T.DuongC. D.NguyenT. P.TranD. D.TranT. P. (2021). Impulsivity traits and the rational cognitive process of entrepreneurship: Empirical evidence from Vietnam. Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Administration.
23.
DuongC. D.LeT. L. (2021). ADHD symptoms and entrepreneurial intention among Vietnamese college students: An empirical study. Journal of Entrepreneurship in Emerging Economies, 14(3), 495–522.
24.
DuvalS.TweedieR. (2000). Trim and fill: A simple funnel-plot-based method of testing and adjusting for publication bias in meta-analysis. Biometrics, 56, 455–463.
25.
EggerM.SmithG. D.MinderC. (1997). Bias in meta-analysis detected by a simple, graphical test. BMJ, 315(7109), 629–634.
26.
EysenckS. B.ZuckermanM. (1978). The relationship between sensation-seeking and Eysenck’s dimensions of personality. British Journal of Psychology, 69(4), 483-487.
27.
FaraoneS. V.SergeantJ.GillbergC.BiedermanJ. (2003). The worldwide prevalence of ADHD: Is it an American condition?. World psychiatry, 2(2), 104.
28.
FayolleA.GaillyB. (2004). Using the theory of planned behaviour to assess entrepreneurship teaching programs: A first experimentation. IntEnt2004 Conference. Naples (Italy).
29.
FischC.FrankenI. H.ThurikR. (2021). Are behavioral and electrophysiological measures of impulsivity useful for predicting entrepreneurship?Journal of Business Venturing Insights, 16, e00253.
30.
FisherR.MaritzA.LoboA. (2016). Does individual level resilience influence entrepreneurial success?Academy of Entrepreneurship Journal, 22(2), 39–53.
31.
FleischmannA.FleischmannR. H. (2012). Advantages of an ADHD diagnosis in adulthood: Evidence from online narratives. Qual Health Res, 22(11), 1486–96.
32.
FreemanM.StaudenmaierP. J.ZisserM. R.AndresenL. A. (2019). The prevalence and co-occurrence of psychiatric conditions among entrepreneurs and their families. Small Business Economics, 53, 323–342.
33.
FreseM.GielnikM. M. (2023). The psychology of entrepreneurship: Action and process. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 10(1), 137–164.
34.
GamesD.SariD. K. (2023, October). Impulsivity and Entrepreneurial Fear of Failure in Insights from Startups During Crises. In Research on Islamic Business Concepts: Proceedings of the 13th Global Islamic Marketing Conference, October 2022 (p. 15). Springer Nature.
35.
GershonJ.GershonJ. (2002). A meta-analytic review of gender differences in ADHD. Journal of Attention Disorders, 5(3), 143–154.
36.
GrayJ. A. (1970). The psychophysiological basis of introversion-extraversion. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 8(3), 249–266.
37.
GreidanusN. S.LiaoC. (2021). Toward a coping-dueling-fit theory of the ADHD-entrepreneurship relationship: Treatment’s influence on business venturing, performance, and persistence. Journal of Business Venturing, 36(2), Article106087.
38.
GuniaB. C.GishJ. J.MensmannM. (2021). The weary founder: Sleep problems, ADHD-like tendencies, and entrepreneurial intentions. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 45(1), 175–210.
39.
GuptaV.TurbanD.WastiS.SikdarA. (2009). The role of gender stereotypes in perceptions of entrepreneurs and intentions to become an entrepreneur. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 33(2), 397-417.
40.
HalmøyA.FasmerO. B.GillbergC.HaavikJ. (2009). Occupational outcome in adult ADHD: Impact of symptom profile, comorbid psychiatric problems, and treatment: A cross-sectional study of 414 clinically diagnosed adult ADHD patients. Journal of attention disorders, 13(2), 175–187.
41.
HarpinV. (2005). The effect of ADHD on the life of an individual, their family, and community from preschool to adult life. Archives of Disease in Childhood, 90(Suppl. 1), i2–i7.
42.
HatakI.ChangM.HarmsR.WiklundJ. (2021). ADHD symptoms, entrepreneurial passion, and entrepreneurial performance. Small Business Economics, 57, 1693–1713.
43.
HigginsJ.ThompsonS.DeeksJ.AltmanD. (2003). Measuring inconsistency in meta-analyses. BMJ, 327(7414), 557–560.
44.
HilS.Ionescu-SomersA.CodurasA.GuerreroM.MenipazE.BoutalebF.ZbierowskiP.SahasranamamS.ShayJ. (2024). GEM 2023/2024 global report-25 years and growing. The Global Entrepreneurship Research Association, London Business School.
45.
HinkleR. K.ChoiN. (2009). Measuring person–environment fit: A further validation of the perceived fit scale. International Journal of Selection and Assessment, 17(3), 324–328.
46.
HowardM. C.BoudreauxM. (2024). A systematic literature review and meta-analysis of entrepreneurial personality. Entrepreneurship Research Journal, 14(1), 283–312.
47.
HuntR. A.LernerD. A.JohnsonS. L.BadalS.FreemanM. A. (2022). Cracks in the wall: Entrepreneurial action theory and the weakening presumption of intended rationality. Journal of Business Venturing, 37(3), 106190.
48.
HupfeldK.AbagisT.ShahP. (2019). Living “in the zone”: Hyperfocus in adult ADHD. ADHD Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders, 11(2), 191–208.
49.
IsfahaniF. F.SadeghiE.ShakibaeiF.MaracyM. R. (2022). Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms and entrepreneurial behavior: A mediation analysis. Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, 16(4), 1–7.
50.
JiaJ. S.KhanU.LittA. (2015). The effect of self-control on the construction of risk perceptions. Management Science, 61(9), 2259–2280.
51.
KatzmanM. A.BilkeyT. S.ChokkaP. R.FalluA.KlassenL. J. (2017). Adult ADHD and comorbid disorders: Clinical implications of a dimensional approach. BMC Psychiatry, 17, 1–15.
52.
KnechtC.AlvaroR. d.Martinez-RagaJ.Balanza-MartinezV. (2015). Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), substance use disorders, and criminality: A difficult problem with complex solutions. International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health., 27(2), 163–175.
53.
Kristof-BrownA. L.ZimmermanR. D.JohnsonE. C. (2005). Consequences of individuals’ fit at work: A meta-analysis of person-job, person-organization, person-group, and person-supervisor fit. Personnel Psychology, 58, 281–342.
54.
KruegerN. F.ReillyM.CarsrudA. (2000). Competing models of entrepreneurial intentions. Journal of Business Venturing, 15, 411–432.
55.
KuenziM.SchminkeM. (2009). Assembling fragments into a lens: A review, critique, and proposed research agenda for the organizational work climate literature. Journal of management, 35(3), 634–717.
56.
KuriyanA. B. (2013). Young adult educational and vocational outcomes of children diagnosed with ADHD. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 41(1), 27–41.
57.
LanivichS. E.MooreC.McIntyreN. (2024). The effects of neurodiversity on cognitive attributes of entrepreneurs. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research, 30(4), 979–1000.
58.
LaskyA. K.WeisnerT. S.JensenP. S.HinshawS. P.HechtmanL.ArnoldL. E.MurrayD. W.SwansonJ. M. (2016). ADHD in context: Young adults’ reports of the impact of occupational environment on the manifestation of ADHD. Social Science & Medicine., 161(C), 160–168.
59.
LelandD. S.ArceE.FeinsteinJ. S.PaulusM. P. (2006). Young adult stimulant users’ increased striatal activation during uncertainty is related to impulsivity. Neuroimage, 33(2), 725–731.
60.
LernerD. A.HuntR. A.DimovD. (2018). Action! Moving beyond the intendedly-rational logics of entrepreneurship. Journal of Business Venturing, 33(1), 52–69.
61.
LernerD. A.HuntR. A.VerheulI. (2018). Dueling banjos: Harmony and discord between ADHD and entrepreneurship. Academy of Management Perspectives, 32(2), 266–286.
62.
LernerD. A.VerheulI.ThurikR. (2019). Entrepreneurship and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A large-scale study involving the clinical condition of ADHD. Small Business Economics, 53(2), 381–392.
63.
LeungY. K.FrankenI. H.ThurikA. R. (2020). Psychiatric symptoms and entrepreneurial intention: The role of the behavioral activation system. Journal of Business Venturing Insights, 13(C), e00153.
64.
MannuzzaS.KleinR.BesslerA.MalloyP.LaPadulaM. (1993). Adult outcome of hyperactive boys. Educational achievement, occupational rank, and psychiatric status. Psychiatry, Archives of General, 50(7), 565–576.
65.
McMullenJ. S.ShepherdD. A. (2006). Entrepreneurial action and the role of uncertainty in the theory of the entrepreneur. Academy of Management Review, 31(1), 132–152.
66.
MillerD. (1983). The correlates of entrepreneurship in three types of firms. Management Science, 29(7), 770–791.
67.
MischelW. (1961). Delay of gratification, need for achievement, and acquiescence in another culture. The Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 62(3), 543.
68.
MooreC.MclntyreN.LanivichS. (2021). ADHD-Related Neurodiversity and the Entrepreneurial Mindset. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 45(1), 64–91.
69.
NasonR. S.WiklundJ. (2017). An assessment of resource-based theorizing on firm growth and suggestions for the future. Journal of Management, 44(1), 32–60.
70.
NiggJ. T.JohnO. P.BlaskeyL. G.Huang-PollockC. L.WillcuttE. G.HinshawS. P.PenningtonB. (2002). Big five dimensions and ADHD symptoms: Links between personality traits and clinical symptoms. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 83(2), 451–469.
71.
PaekS. H.AbdullaA. M.CramondB. (2016). A meta-analysis of the relationship between three common psychopathologies—ADHD, anxiety, and depression—and indicators of little-c creativity. Gifted Child Quarterly, 60(2), 117–133.
72.
ParkJ. L.HudecK. L.JohnstonC. (2017). Parental ADHD symptoms and parenting behaviors: A meta-analytic review. Clinical Psychology Review, 56, 25–39.
73.
PatelP. C.RietveldC. A.VerheulI. (2021). Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and earnings in later-life self-employment. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 45(1), 43–63.
74.
PaulJ.BarariM. (2022). Meta-analysis and traditional systematic literature reviews—What, why, when, where, and how?. Psychology & Marketing, 39(6), 1099–1115.
75.
PeltonenJ.JohanssonE.WincentJ. (2020). Does attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder medication reduce entrepreneurship?. Health Economics, 29(9), 1071–1077.
76.
PetersonR. A.BrownS. P. (2005). On the use of beta coefficients in meta-analysis. Journal of applied psychology, 90(1), 175.
77.
PietersenM. L.BothaM. (2021a). Impulsivity and entrepreneurial behaviour: Exploring an unreasoned pathway. International Small Business Journal, 39(8), 755–780.
78.
PietersenM. L.BothaM. (2021b). Impulsivity and entrepreneurial perseverance: toward an empirical account and entrepreneurship-prone profile. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research, 27(7), 1849–1870.
79.
PodsakoffP. M.MacKenzieS. B.LeeJ. Y.PodsakoffN. P. (2003). Common method biases in behavioral research: A critical review of the literature and recommended remedies. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88(5), 879.
80.
RajahN.BamiatziV.WilliamsN. (2021). How childhood ADHD-like symptoms predict selection into entrepreneurship and implications on entrepreneurial performance. Journal of Business Venturing, 36(3), Article 106091.
81.
RauchA.FreseM. (2007). Let’s put the person back into entrepreneurship research: A meta-analysis on the relationship between business owners’ personality traits, business creation, and success. European Journal of work and organizational psychology, 16(4), 353–385.
82.
RomerD.DuckworthA. L.SznitmanS.ParkS. (2010). Can adolescents learn self-control? Delay of gratification in the development of control over risk taking. Prevention Science, 11(3), 319–330.
83.
RosenthalR. (1979). The file drawer problem and tolerance for null results. Psychological Bulletin, 86(3), 638.
84.
RosenthalR. (1991). Meta-analytic procedures for social research. In Applied Social Research Methods Series 6. Sage Publications.
85.
RyffC.SingerB. (2006). Know thyself and become what you are: A eudaimonic approach to psychological well-being. Journal of Hapiness Studies, 9(1), 13–39.
86.
SarasvathyS. D.DewN. (2013). Without judgment: An empirically-based entrepreneurial theory of the firm. The Review of Austrian Economics, 26, 277–296.
87.
SchmidtF.HunterJ. (2015). Methods of meta-analysis. Sage Publications, Ltd.
88.
ShinnarR. S.GiacominO.JanssenF. (2012). Entrepreneurial perceptions and intentions: The role of gender and culture. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 36(3), 465–493
89.
ShirokovaG.ShakinaE.Bacon-GerasymenkoV.WalesW. (2022). Entrepreneurial orientation as a mediator of ADHD – Performance relationship: A staged quasi-replication study. Journal of Business Venturing Insights, 17, e00312.
90.
SongP.ZhaM.YangQ.ZhangY.LiX.RudanI. (2021). The prevalence of adult attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: A global systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Global Health., 11, 04009.
91.
SônegoM.MellerM.MassutiR.CampaniF.AmaroJ.BarbosaC.RohdeL. A. (2020). Exploring the association between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and entrepreneurship. Brazilian Journal of Psychiatry, 43(2), 174–180.
92.
Sonuga-BarkeE.BitsakouP.ThompsonM. (2010). Beyond the dual pathway model: Evidence for the dissociation of timing, inhibitory, and delay-related impairments in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 49(4), 345–55.
93.
SpencerT. J. (2006). ADHD and comorbidity in childhood. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 67, 27.
94.
StamkouE.van KleefG. A.HomanA. C.GelfandM. J.van de VijverF. J.van EgmondM. C.BoerD.PhiriN.AyubN.KiniasZ.CantareroK.TreisterD. E.FigueiredoA.HashimotoH.HofmannE. B.LimaR. P.LeeI. C. (2019). Cultural collectivism and tightness moderate responses to norm violators: Effects on power perception, moral emotions, and leader support. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 45(6), 947–964.
95.
StappersJ.AndriesP. (2022). The role of distinct ADHD symptoms for pre-entry entrepreneurial behavior: When intentions do not translate into action. Small Business Economics, 58(8), 1441–1457.
96.
StappersJ.AndriesP. (2024). Entrepreneurs’ attention deficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms and growth aspirations: The moderating role of team and industry characteristics. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 20(2), 681–708.
97.
TamziniK. (2024). ADHD behavior and entrepreneurial behavior: The mediating role of entrepreneurial intention. Jordan Journal of Business Administration, 20(4), 586–610.
98.
TellegenA. (1985). Structures of mood and personality and their relevance to assessing anxiety, with an emphasis on self-report. InTumaA. H.MaserJ. D. (Eds.), Anxiety and the anxiety disorders (pp. 681–706). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
99.
TranM. H.WiklundJ.YuW. (2022). Entrepreneurial team conflict – The Associations with ADHD, gender, well-being and firm performance. Academy of Management Proceedings, 2022(1), 13437.
100.
TranM. H.WiklundJ.LukeM.AntshelK.HiltsD. (2022). Research on the association between physical and psychiatric disabilities and entrepreneurial intention among college students. Revue de l’Entrepreneuriat, 0(HS2), 191–219.
101.
TranT. V.DuongC. D.NguyenT. H.TranT. S.VuT. N. (2023). UPPS impulsivity, entrepreneurial self-efficacy and entrepreneurial intentions among university students: ADHD symptoms as a moderator. Journal of Applied Research in Higher Education, 15(2), 473–495.
102.
TuckerR.ZuoL.MarinoL. D.LowmanG. H.SleptsovA. (2021). ADHD and entrepreneurship: Beyond person-entrepreneurship fit. Journal of Business Venturing Insights, 15, Article e00219.
103.
UngerJ. M.RauchA.FreseM.RosenbuschN. (2011). Human capital and entrepreneurial success: A meta-analytical review. Journal of business venturing, 26(3), 341–358.
104.
UcbasaranD.ShepherdD. A.LockettA.LyonS. J. (2013). Life after business failure: The process and consequences of business failure for entrepreneurs. Journal of management, 39(1), 163–202.
105.
VerheulI.BlockJ.Burmeister-LampK.ThurikR. (2015). ADHD-like behavior and entrepreneurial intentions. Small Business Economics, Vo. 45, 85–101.
106.
VerheulI.RietdijkW.BlockJ.FrankenI.LarssonH.ThurikR. (2016). The association between attention-deficit/hyperactivity (ADHD) symptoms and self-employment. European Journal of Epidemiology, 31(8), 793–801.
107.
VörösZ.LukovszkiL. (2021). The effects of subclinical ADHD sumptomatology on the subjective financial, physical, and mental well-being of entrepreneurs and employees. Journal of Business Venturing Insights, 15, e00240.
108.
WeberC.KriegerB.HäneE.YarkerJ.McDowallA. (2022). Physical workplace adjustments to support neurodivergent workers: A systematic review. Applied Psychology, 73(3), 910–962.
109.
WhiteH. A.ShahP. (2011). Creative style and achievement in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Personality and individual differences, 50(5), 673–677
110.
WiklundJ.HatakI.PatzeltH.ShepherdD. (2018). Mental disorders in the entrepreneurship context: When being different can be an advantage. Academy of Management Perspectives, 32(2), 182–206.
111.
WiklundJ.LombergC.AlkærsigL.MillerD. (2019). When ADHD helps and harms in entrepreneurship: An epidemiological approach. Academy of Management Proceedings, 2019(1), 17481.
112.
WiklundJ.YuW.TuckerR.MarinoL. (2017). ADHD, impulsivity, and entrepreneurship. Journal of Business Venturing, 32(6), 627–656.
113.
WismansA.KameiK.ThurikR.TorrèsO. (2021). The link between attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms and entrepreneurial orientation in Japanese business owners. Management Review Quarterly, 71(4), 857–872.
114.
WismansA.ThurikR.VerheulI.TorrèsO.KameiK. (2020). Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms and entrepreneurial orientation: A replication note. Applied Psychology, 69(3), 1093–1112.
115.
WolfeM. T.GuedesM. J.PatelP. C.WiklundJ. (2025). On an even keel: Temporal balance, ADHD, and self-employment. Journal of Business Research, 195, 115373.
116.
World Health Organization. (2004). International Statistical Classification of Diseases and related health problems: Alphabetical index (Vol. 3). World Health Organization.
117.
YuW.WiklundJ.Perez-LunoA. (2021). ADHD Symptoms, Entrepreneurial Orientation (EO), and Firm Performance. Entrepreneurship theory and practice, 45(1), 92–117.
118.
ZhaoH.O’ConnorG.WuJ.LumpkinG. T. (2021). Age and entrepreneurial career success: A review and a meta-analysis. Journal of Business Venturing, 36(1), 106007.
119.
ZhaoH.SeibertS.HillsG. (2005). The mediating role of self-efficacy in the development of entrepreneurial intentions. Journal of Applied Psychology, 90(6), 1265–1272.
