Capillariasis of the Anal Sacs of Raccoons ( Procyon Lotor ) and a Possible Association with Anal-Sac Impaction

Anderson RC : 1992, The superfamily Trichinelloidae In: Nematode parasites of vertebrates: their development and transmission, pp. 540–561. CAB International, Wallingford, United Kingdom

Butterworth EW Beverly-Burton M : 1981, Observations on the prevalence and intensity of Capillaria spp. (Nematoda: Trichuroidae) in wild carnivora from Ontario, Canada Proc Helminthol Soc 48:24–37

Chitwood M Lichtenfels JR : 1972, Identification of parasitic metazoa in tissue sections Exp Parasitol 32:407–519

Hamir AN Hanlon C Rupprecht CE : 1997, Capillariasis in the trachea of a raccoon J Wildl Dis 33:880–881

Hamir AN Heidel JR Picton R Rupprecht CE : 1997, Neuronal vacuolations in raccoons (Procyon lotor) Vet Pathol 34:250–252

Hamir AN Rupprecht CE : 1998, A retrospective histopathological survey of capillariasis in raccoons from the eastern United States J Parasitol 84:180–182

Jones CJ Hunt RD King NW : 1996, The rectum and anus In: Veterinary pathology, pp. 1086–1087. William and Wilkins, Baltimore, MD

Moravec F : 1982, Proposal of a new systemic arrangement of nematodes of the family Capillariidae Folia Parasitol (Prague) 29:119–132

Scapino RP Murphy RA : 1978, Nematode from the masticatory mucosa of the raccoon (Procyon lotor) Vet Pathol 15:136–137

Snyder DE : 1988, Capillaria procyonis (Nematoda: Trichuridae) eggs from the tongue of the raccoon (Procyon lotor) J Wildl Dis 24:722–723

Snyder DE Fitzgerald PR : 1985, Helminth parasites from Illinois raccoons (Procyon lotor) J Parasitol 71:274–278

Washabu RJ Brockman DJ : 1995, Recto-anal disease In: Textbook of veterinary internal medicine, ed. Ettinger SJ Feldman EC , pp. 1398–1409. WB Saunders Co., Philadelphia, PA