Aerotolerant organisms resembling Campylobacter, now designated as Arcobacter, have been described from aborted farm animals and from cases of human enteritis worldwide. The goals of this study were 1) to attempt to recover Arcobacter spp. from cases of porcine abortion, 2) to characterize these isolates by phenotype and ribotype, and 3) to compare the usefulness of ribotype and phenotype patterns for identifying Arcobacter butzleri and the DNA hybridization groups 1A and 1B of A. cryaerophilus. Isolates of Arcobacter spp. from North Carolina and Iowa were recovered from porcine tissues. In Iowa, Arcobacter spp. were recovered from 43% (13/30) of porcine abortion cases evaluated. Isolations were made from placenta (44%), kidney (44%), and stomach contents (12%), which were the only tissues examined. The most reliable biochemical tests for A. butzleri included growth in 1% glycine and in 1.5% NaCl, weak catalase activity, and resistance to cadmium chloride. Arcobacter cryaerophilus strains were characterized by strong catalase activity and sensitivity to cadmium chloride. The DNA hybridization groups 1A and 1B of A. cryaerophilus could not be distinguished by biochemical tests. This represents the first description of A. cryaerophilus DNA group 1A in animals within the United States.
References
1.
AndersonKFKiehlbauchJAAndersonDC.: 1993, Arcobacter (Campylobacter) butzleri-associated diarrheal illness in a nonhuman primate populationInfect Immun61:2220–2223
2.
BarrettTJPattonCMMorrisGK: 1988, Differentiation of Campylobacter species using phenotypic characterizationLab Med19:96–102
3.
CollinsCIWesleyIVMuranoEA: 1995, Detection of Arcobatter spp. in ground pork as determined by modified plating methodsJ Food Prot (in press)
4.
CookJT: 1950, A plate test for nitrate reductionJ Clin Pathol3:359–362
5.
DhamabutraNKamol-RathanakulPPienthaweechaiK: 1992, Isolation of Campylobacter from the canals of Bangkok metropolitan areaJ Med Assoc Thail75:350–363
6.
EllinghausenHCJrMcCulloughWG: 1965, Nutrition of Lep-tospira pomona and growth of 13 other serotypes: fractionation of oleic albumin complex and a medium of oleic albumin and polysorbate 80Am J Vet Res26:45–51
7.
EllisWANeillSDO'BrienJJ.: 1977, Isolation of spirillum/vibrio-like organisms from bovine fetusesVet Rec100:451–452
8.
EllisWANeillSDO'BrienJJHannaJ: 1978, Isolation of spirillum-like organisms from pig fetusesVet Rec102:106
9.
FestyBSquinaziFMarinM.: 1993, Poultry meat and waters as the possible sources of Arcobacter butzleri associated human disease in Paris, FranceActa Gastro-Enterol Belg56:35
10.
HigginsRDegreR: 1979, Isolation of spirillum-like organisms from pig and bovine fetusesVet Rec104:262–263
11.
JacobJLiorHFeuerpfeilI: 1993, Isolation of Arcobacter butzleri from a drinking water reservoir in Eastern GermanyZentralbl Bakteriol Parasitenkd Infektionskr Hyg Abt 1 Orig193:557–562
12.
JahnB: 1983, Campylobacter im genitaltrakt des schweines. Inaugural Dissertation, Tieraarztliche Hocschule Hannover, Hannover, Germany
13.
KazmiSURobersonBSStemNJ: 1985, Cadmium chloride susceptibility, a characteristic of Campylobacter sppJ Clin Microbiol21:708–710
14.
KiehlbauchJABrennerDJNicholsonMA.: 1991, Campylobacter butzleri sp. nov. isolated from humans and animals with diarrheal illnessJ Clin Microbiol29:376–385
15.
KiehlbauchJAPlikaytisBDSwaminathanB.: 1991, Restriction fragment length polymorphisms in the ribosomal genes for species identification and subtyping of aerotolerant Campylobacter speciesClin Microbiol29:1670–1676
16.
KiehlbauchJATauxeRVWachsmuthK: 1991, Clinical features of Campylobacter butzleri associated diarrheal illnessMicrab Ecol Health Dis4 (Suppl):S92. [Abstr. C14-2.]
17.
LammerdingA: 1994, An isolation method for Arcobacter butzleri from poultryDairy Food Environ Sanit14:600
18.
LemerJBrumbergerVPreac-MursicV: 1994, Severe diarrhea associated with Arcobacter butzleriEur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis13:660–662
19.
LoganEFNeillSDMackieDP: 1982, Mastitis in dairy cows associated with an aerotolerant CampylobacterVet Rec110:229–230
20.
LuitjensWJahnBSchimmelpfennigHH: 1986, Studies on the occurrence of Campylobacter type Neill in aborted porcine fetuses and in the genital tract of sowsProc Int Pig Vet Soc9:106
21.
MorrisGKPattonCM: 1985, CampylobacterIn:Manual of clinical microbiology, ed. LennetteEHBalowsAHauslerWJJr, 4th ed., pp. 302–308. American Society for Microbiology, Washington, DC
22.
NeillSDEllisWAO'BrienJJ: 1979, Designation of aerotolerant Campylobacter-like organisms from porcine and bovine abortions to the genus CampylobacterRes Vet Sci27:180–186
23.
PitcherDGSaundersNAOwenRJ: 1989, Rapid extraction of bacterial genomic DNA with guanidium thiocyanateLett Appl Microbiol8:151–156
24.
Popovic-UroicTPattonCMNicholsonMAKiehlbauchJA: 1990, Evaluation of the indoxyl acetate hydrolysis test for rapid differentiation of Campylobacter, Helicobacter, and Wolinella speciesJ Clin Microbiol28:2335–2339
25.
PuginaPBenziGLauwersS.: 1991, An outbreak of Arcobacter (Campylobacter) butzleri in ItalyMicrob Ecol Health Dis Suppl4:S94
26.
SouthernEM: 1975, Detection of specific sequences among DNA fragments separated by gel electrophoresisJ Mol Bio198:503–517
27.
TaylorDNKiehlbauchJATeeW.: 1991, Isolation of group 2 aerotolerant Campylobacter species from Thai children with diarrheaJ Infect Dis163:1062–1067
28.
TeeWBairdRDyall-SmithMDwyerB: 1988, Campylobacter cryaerophila isolated from a humanJ Clin Microbiol26:2469–2473
29.
ThompsonLMSmibertJLJohnsonJLKreigNR: 1988, Phylogenetic study of the genus CampylobacterInt J Syst Bacteriol38:190–200
30.
VandammePFalsenERossauR.: 1991, Revision of Campylobacter, Helicobacter, and Wolinella taxonomy: emendation of generic descriptions and proposal of Arcobacter gen. novInt J Syst Bacteriol41:88–103
31.
VandammePPuginaPBenziG.: 1992, Outbreak of recurrent abdominal cramps associated with Arcobacter butlzeri in an Italian schoolJ Clin Microbiol30:2335–2337
32.
VandammePVancanneytMPotB.: 1992, Polyphasic taxonomic study of the emended genus Arcobacter with Arcobacter butzleri comb. nov. and Arcobacter skirrowii sp. nov., an aerotolerant bacterium isolated from veterinary specimensInt J Syst Bacteriol42:344–356
33.
WachsmuthIKKiehlbauchJABoppCA.: 1991, The use of plasmid profiles and nucleic acid probes in epidemiologic investigations of foodborne diarrheal diseasesInt J Food Microbiol12:77–90
34.
WesleyIV: 1994, Arcobacter infectionsIn:CRC handbook of zoonosis, ed. BeranG, section A, pp. 181–190. CRC, Boca Raton, FL
35.
WesleyIVBrynerJH: 1989, Antigenic and restriction enzyme analysis of isolates of Campylobacter fetus subsp. venerealis recovered from persistently infected cattleAm J Vet Res50:807–813
36.
WesleyIVSchroeder-TuckerLBaetzAL.: 1995, Arcobacter-specific and Arcobacter butzleri-specific 16S rRNA-based DNA probesJ Clin Microbiol33:1691–1698
37.
WesleyIVWesleyRDCardellaM.: 1991, Oligodeoxynucleotide probes for Campylobacter hyointestinalis based on 16S rRNA sequencesJ Clin Microbiol29:1812–1817
