Endocarditis associated with Escherichia coli was diagnosed in a 2-year-old male California sea lion (Zalophus californianus). The diagnosis was based on light microscopic examination and bacterial isolation from the valvular lesion. This is the first case of bacterial endocarditis reported in a sea lion.
References
1.
CalvertCAGreeneCE: 1985, Cardiovascular infectionsIn: Clinical microbiology and infectious diseases of the dog and cat, ed. GreeneCE, 1st ed., pp. 220–231. WB Saunders, Philadelphia, PA
2.
DuignanPJ: 1999, Morbillivirus infections of marine mammalsIn: Zoo and wild animal medicine, ed. FowlerMEMillerRE, 4th ed., pp. 497–501. WB Saunders, Philadelphia, PA
3.
DunnJL: 1990, Bacterial and mycotic diseases of cetaceans and pinnipedsIn: Handbook of marine mammal medicine: health, disease and rehabilitation, ed. DieraufLA, pp. 73–88. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL
4.
GoodwinJKMillerMW: 1997, Infective endocarditisIn: Consultations in feline internal medicine, ed. AugustJR, 3rd ed., pp. 273–278. WB Saunders, Philadelphia, PA
5.
GullandFMKoskiMLowenstineLJ: 1996, Leptospirosis in California sea lions (Zalophus californianus) stranded along the central California coast, 1981–1994J Wildl Dis32:572–580
6.
HjetlandRSognenEVageV: 1995, Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae—a cause of erysipeloid and endocarditisTidsskr Nor Laegeforen115:2780–2782
7.
HunterJEDuignanPJDupontC: 1998, First report of potentially zoonotic tuberculosis in fur seals in New ZealandNZ Med J111:130–131
8.
KvartCHaggstromJ: 2000, Acquired valvular heart diseaseIn: Textbook of veterinary internal medicine, ed. EttingerSJFeldmanEC, 5th ed., pp. 786–799. WB Saunders, Philadelphia, PA
9.
LaPointeJMGullandFMHainesDM: 1999, Placentitis due to Coxiella burnetii in a Pacific harbor seal (Phoca vitulina richardsi)J Vet Diagn Invest11:541–543
10.
RaymondNJRobertsonMNLangSDR: 1992, Aortic valve endocarditis due to Escherichia coli.Clin Infect Dis15:749–750
11.
RidgwaySHGeraciJRMedwayW: 1975, Diseases of pinnipedsRapp PV Reun Cons Int Explor Mer169:327–337
12.
RobinsonWFMaxieMG: 1993, The cardiovascular systemIn: Pathology of domestic animals, ed. JubbJBFKennedyPCPalmerN, 4th ed., pp. 24–27. Academic Press, New York, NY
13.
StroudRKRoffeTJ: 1979, Causes of death in marine mammals stranded along the Oregon coastJ Wildl Dis15:91–97
14.
WallachJDBoeverWJ: 1983, Cetaceans and sireniansIn: Diseases of exotic animals, ed. WallachJDBoeverWJ, 1st ed., pp. 709–710. WB Saunders, Philadelphia, PA
