Proliferation of Maxillary and Mandibular Periodontal Squamous Cells in Mink Fed 3,3′,4,4′,5-Pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB 126)

Abstract

This report characterizes squamous cell proliferation in young farm mink (Mustela visori) fed a diet supplemented with 0.024 ppm 3,3′,4,4′,5-pentachlorobiphenyl (polychlorinated biphenyl [PCB] congener 126). One to 2 months of dietary exposure to PCB 126 resulted in gross lesions of the upper and lower jaws consisting of mandibular and maxillary nodular proliferation of the gingiva and loose teeth. The maxilla and mandible of the PCB-treated mink were markedly porous because of loss of alveolar bone. Histologically, this osteoporosis was caused by proliferation of squamous cells that formed infiltrating cords. This report clearly documents the fact that the environmental contaminant PCB 126 can cause osteoinvasive squamous proliferation in young mink, although the dose used in the present study was 7 and 36 times higher than what is typically encountered in contaminated bird eggs and fish, respectively.

References

Alaluusua

Lukinmaa

P-L

Pohjanvirta

: 1993, Exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin leads to defective dentin formation and pulpal perforation in rat incisor tooth. Toxicology 81:1–13.

Aulerich

Bursian

Evans

: 1987, Toxicity of 3,4,5,3′,4′,5′-hexachlorobiphenyl to mink. Arch Environ Contarli Toxicol 16:53–60.

Beland

DeGuise

Girard

: 1993, Toxic compounds and health and reproductive effects in St. Lawrence beluga whales. J Great Lakes Res 19:766–775.

Bergman

Olsson

Relland

: 1992, Skull-bone lesions in the Baltic grey seal (Halichoerus grypus). Ambio 21:517–519.

Birek

Heersche

Jez

: 1983, Secretion of a bone resorbing factor by epithelial cells cultured from porcine rests of Malassez. J Peridontal Res 18:75–81.

Bleavins

Aulerich

Ringer

: 1980, Polychlorinated biphenyls (Aroclor 1016 and 1242): effects on survival and reproduction in mink and ferrets. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 9:627–635.

DeGuise

Lagace

Beland

: 1995, Non-neoplastic lesions in beluga whales (Delphinapterus leucas) and other marine mammals from the St. Lawrence Estuary. J Comp Pathol 112:257–271.

Hamamoto

Nakajima

: 1998, Morphological changes of epithelial rests of Malassez in rat molars induced by local administration of N-methylnitrosoura. Arch Oral Biol 43:899–906.

Hochstein

Aulerich

Bursian

: 1988, Acute toxicity of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin to mink. Arch Environ Con-tam Toxicol 17:33–37.

10.

Hochstein

Bursian

Aulerich

: 1998, Effects of dietary exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin in adult female mink (Mustela vison). Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 33:348–353.

11.

Kociba

Keyes

Beyer

: 1978, Results of a two-year chronic toxicity and oncogenicity study of 2,3,7,8-tetra-chlorodibenzo-p-dioxin in rats. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 46: 279–303.

12.

Nishimura

: 1973, Teratogenic substance. Int Chem Eng 13: 774–780.

13.

Powell

Aulerich

Meadows

: 1997, Effects of 3,3′,4,4′,5-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB 126), 2,3,7,8-tetrachloro-dibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), or an extract derived from field-collected cormorant eggs injected into double-crested cormorant (Phalacrocorax auritus) eggs. Environ Toxicol Chem 16:1450–1455.

14.

Raloff

: 1999, Dioxin can harm tooth development. Sci News 155:119.

15.

Ringer

Aulerich

Bleavins

: 1981, Biological effects of PCBs and PBBs on mink and ferrets: a review. In: Haloge-nated hydrocarbons: health and ecological effects, ed. Khan

MAQ

, pp. 329–343. Pergamon Press, Elmsford, NY.

16.

Safe

: 1990, Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), dibenzo-p-di-oxins (PCDDs), dibenzofurans (PCDFs), and related compounds: environmental and mechanistic considerations which support the development of toxic equivalency factors (TEFs). CRC Crit Rev Toxicol 21:51–88.

17.

Tillitt

Gale

Meadows

: 1996, Dietary exposure of mink to carp from Saginaw Bay. 3. Characterization of dietary exposure to planar halogenated hydrocarbons, dioxin equivalents, and biomagnification. Environ Sci Technol 30:283–291.

18.

Whysner

Williams

: 1996, 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin mechanistic data and risk assessment: gene regulation, cytotoxicity, enhanced cell proliferation, and tumor promotion. Pharmacol Ther 71:193–223.

19.

Yamashita

Hayashi

: 1985, Fetal PCB syndrome: clinical features, intrauterine growth retardation and possible alteration in calcium metabolism. Environ Health Perspect 59:41–45.