Culture,Impaired Access to Mental Health Care,and Bipolar Disorder: Case Analysis

Hu TW. The economic burden of depression and reimbursement policy in the Asia Pacific region. Australas Psychiatry. 2004;12 Suppl:S11–S15.

Sobocki P , Jonsson B , Angst J , . Cost of depression in Europe. J Ment Health Policy Econ. 2006;9:87–98.

Rice DP , Miller LS. Health economics and cost implications of anxiety and other mental disorders in the United States. Br J Psychiatry Suppl. 1998;34:4–9.

Birnbaum HG , Shi L , Dial E , . Economic consequences of not recognizing bipolar disorder patients: a cross-sectional descriptive analysis. J Clin Psychiatry. 2003;64:1201–1209.

Wu EQ , Birnbaum HG , Shi L , . The economic burden of schizophrenia in the United States in 2002. J Clin Psychiatry. 2005;66:1122–1129.

Kessler RC , Frank RG. The impact of psychiatric disorders on work loss days. Psychol Med. 1997;27:861–873.

Han E , Liu GG. Racial disparities in prescription drug use for mental illness among population in US. J Ment Health Policy Econ. 2005;8:131–143.

Grandbois D. Stigma of mental illness among American Indian and Alaska Native nations: historical and contemporary perspectives. Issues Ment Health Nurs. 2005;26:1001–1024.

Whetten K , Leserman J , Whetten R , . Exploring lack of trust in care providers and the government as a barrier to health services. Am J Public Health. 2006;96:716–721.

Wynaden D , Chapman R , Orb A , . Factors that influence Asian communities’ access to mental health care. Int J Ment Health Nurs. 2005;14:88–95.

Gary FA. Stigma: barrier to mental health care among ethnic minorities. Issues Ment Health Nurs. 2005;26:979–999.

Sadavoy J , Meier R , Ong AY. Barriers to access to mental health services for ethnic seniors: the Toronto study. Can J Psychiatry. 2004;49:192–199.

Gulliver A , Griffiths KM , Christensen H. Perceived barriers and facilitators to mental health help-seeking in young people: a systematic review. BMC Psychiatry. 2010;10:113.

Eisenberg D , Downs MF , Golberstein E , . Stigma and help seeking for mental health among college students. Med Car Res Rev. 2009;66:522–541.

Perou R , Bitsko RH , Blumberg SJ , ; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Mental health surveillance among children – United States, 2005-2011. MMWR Surveill Summ. 2013;62:(suppl 2)1–35.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Web-Based Injury Statistics Query and Reporting System (WISQARS). http://www.cdc.gov/injury/wisqars/index.html. Accessed December 28, 2014.

Hassett A , George K. Access to a community aged psychiatry service by elderly from non-English-speaking backgrounds. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2002;17:623–628.

Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 4th ed. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association; 1994.

Hsiao FH , Klimidis S , Minas HI , . Folk concepts of mental disorders among Chinese-Australian patients and their caregivers. J Adv Nurs. 2006;55:58–67.

Sue S , Wagner N , Davis JA , . Conceptions of mental illness among Asian and Caucasian students. Psychol Rep. 1976;38:703–708.

Tabora BL , Flakerud JH. Mental health beliefs, practices, and knowledge of Chinese American immigrant women. Issues Ment Health Nurs. 1997;18:173–189.

Parker G , Gladstone G , Chee KT. Depression in the planet's largest ethnic group: the Chinese. Am J Psychiatry. 2001;158:857–864.

Tseng WS , Wu DYH , eds. Chinese culture and mental health. Orlando, FL: Academic Press; 1985.

Kleinman A. Neurasthenia and depression: a study of somatization and culture in China. Cult Med Psychiatry. 1982;6:117–190.

Li PL , Logan S , Yee L , . Barriers to meeting the mental health needs of the Chinese community. J Public Health Med. 1999;21:74–80.

Lin T Y , Lin MC. Service delivery issues in Asian-North American communities. Am J Psychiatry. 1978;135:454–456.

Chan DW. Medication compliance in a Chinese psychiatric out-patient setting. Br J Med Psychol. 1984;57:(pt 1)81–89.

Leong FT , Lau AS. Barriers to providing effective mental health services to Asian Americans. Ment Health Serv Res. 2001;3:201–214.

Abe-Kim J , Takeuchi D T , Hong S , . Use of mental health-related services among immigrant and US-born Asian Americans: results from the National Latino and Asian American Study. Am J Public Health. 2007;97:91–98.

Ihara ES , Chae DH , Cummings JR , . Correlates of mental health service use and type among Asian Americans. Adm Policy Ment Health. 2014;41:543–551.

Hsin A , Xie Y. Explaining Asian Americans’ academic advantage over whites. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2014;111:8416–8421.

DiBartolo PM , Rendón MJ . A critical examination of the construct of perfectionism and its relationship to mental health in Asian and African Americans using a cross-cultural framework. Clin Psychol Rev. 2012;32:139–152.

Yoon J , Lau AS. Maladaptive perfectionism and depressive symptoms among Asian American college students: contributions of interdependence and parental relations. Cult Divers Ethnic Minor Psychol. 2008;14:92–101.

Castro JR , Rice KG. Perfectionism and ethnicity: implications for depressive symptoms and self-reported academic achievement. Cult Divers Ethnic Minor Psy-chol. 2003;9:64–78.

Baldessarini RJ , Perry R , Pike J. Factors associated with treatment nonadherence among US bipolar disorder patients. Hum Psychopharmacol. 2008;23:95–105.

Pompili M , Serafini G , Del Casale A , . Improving adherence in mood disorders: the struggle against relapse, recurrence and suicide risk. Expert Rev Neu-rother. 2009;9:985–1004.

Leong FTL , Kim HHW , Gupta A. Attitudes toward professional counseling among Asian-American college students: acculturation, conceptions of mental illness, and loss of face. Asian American Journal of Psychology. 2011;2:140–153.

Wang Y , Kim SY , Anderson ER , . Parent-child acculturation discrepancy, perceived parental knowledge, peer deviance, and adolescent delinquency in Chinese immigrant families. J Youth Adolesc. 2012;41:907–919.

Yuwen W , Chen AC. Chinese American adolescents: perceived parenting styles and adolescents’ psychosocial health. Int Nurs Rev. 2012;60:236–243.

Ying YW , Lee PA , Tsai JL , . The conception of depression in Chinese American college students. Cult Divers Ethnic Minor Psychol. 2000;6:183–195.

Atkinson DR , Gim RH. Asian-American cultural identity and attitudes toward mental health services. J Couns Psychol. 1989;36:209–212.

Carter TD , Mundo E , Parikh S V , . Early age as a risk factor for poor outcome of bipolar disorder. J Psychi-atr Res. 2003;37:297–303.

Perlis RH , Miyahara S , Marangell LB , . ; STEP-BD Investigators. Long-term implications of early onset in bipolar disorder: data from the first 1000 participants in the systematic treatment enhancement program for bipolar disorder (STEP-BP). Biol Psychiatry. 2004;55:875–881.

Albanese MJ , Pies R. The bipolar patient with comor-bid substance use disorder: recognition and management. CNS Drugs. 2004;18:585–596.

Manning JS. Burden of illness in bipolar depression. Prim Care Companion J Clin Psychiatry. 2005;7:259–267.

Gonda X , Pompili M , Serafini G , . Suicidal behavior in bipolar disorder: epidemiology, characteristics, and major risk factors. J Affect Disord. 2012;143:16–26.

Tondo L , Isacsson G , Baldessarini RJ. Suicidal behaviour in bipolar disorder: risk and prevention. CNS Drugs. 2003;17:491–511.

Birmaher B , Axelson D. Course and outcome of bipolar spectrum disorder in children and adolescents: a review of the existing literature. Dev Psychopathol. 2006;18:1023–1035.

Post RM , Kowatch RA. The health care crisis of childhood-onset bipolar illness: some recommendations for its amelioration. J Clin Psychiatry. 2006;67:115–125.

Kleinman A , Eisenberg L , Good Culture B. , illness, and care: clinical lessons from anthropologic and cross-cultural research. Ann Intern Med. 1978;88:251–258.

Fadiman A. The spirit catches you and you fall down: a Hmong child, her American doctors, and the collision of two cultures. New York, NY: Farrar, Straus, and Giroux; 1997.

Betancourt JR , Green AR , Carrillo JE , . Defining cultural competence: a practical framework for addressing racial/ethnic disparities in health and health care. Public Health Rep. 2003;118:293–302.

Fox RC. Cultural competence and the culture of medicine. N Engl J Med. 2005;353:1316–1319.

Yeung A , Kam R. Ethical and cultural considerations in delivering psychiatric diagnosis: reconciling the gap using MDD diagnosis delivery in less-acculturated Chinese patients. Transcult Psychiatry. 2008;45:531–552.