Let’s build youth treatment centres rather than detention centres

Dear Editor,

Substance use disorder (SUD) or addiction is a significant risk factor for criminal behaviour, particularly in youth. Substance use can impair decision-making, increase impulsivity, and lead to aggressive behaviour, contributing to criminal activity. Individuals with SUDs may engage in criminal activity to fund their addiction or due to drug-related conflicts. ¹

Mental illness, including depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, and schizophrenia, can increase the risk of youth offending. These disorders can impact cognition, mood, and behaviour, leading to impulsivity, aggression, and poor decision-making, contributing to criminal activity. ¹

This letter was written in response to the publication of the Brisbane Times dated the twenty-third of February 2023, indicating that the state government intends to combat youth offending by building more detention centres. ² Most of the youth offenders have high rates of SUDs and non-SUD diagnoses. A recent study in New South Wales found that diverting youth with non-SUD diagnoses to community-based mental health treatment can significantly decrease reoffending rates. ³ However, identification as Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander was linked to lower diversion rates. ³

Previous research shows that youth with complex presentations, such as SUDs, co-occurring non-SUDs, and forensic history, benefited the most and completed the Queensland-only state-wide youth voluntary adolescent drug and alcohol withdrawal service program.^4,5 The multi-disciplinary approach of this service and the provision of culturally appropriate trauma-informed care has led to good outcomes for both the individual and their families and the community.^4,5 Having similar facilities in every region of Queensland is likely to provide appropriate help to at-risk youth.

Policymakers and professionals working with youth offenders must comprehend the correlation between SUDs, mental illness, and delinquent behaviour and provide suitable interventions using a trauma-informed recovery model. Youth offending, SUD, and mental illness are interconnected and can influence each other. ¹

A comprehensive approach that considers the interplay between mental health, SUD, cognitive impairment, and criminal behaviour is necessary. Early intervention, prevention, and culturally appropriate treatment are essential to reduce risks and promote healthy youth development. We need more treatment facilities and not detention centres.