To argue that lack of capacity, lack of insight and anosognosia represent different facets of an interconnected, underlying process.
Methods:
Electronic and manual literature search.
Results:
There is demographic, clinical, neurocognitive and possible neuroanatomical overlap between lack of capacity, lack of insight and anosognosia.
Conclusion:
The use of different terms may reflect the background of the authors and their investigative methodologies rather than unrelated phenomena. Anosognosia is preferred as it progresses research and usefully informs clinical and legal practice.
LysakerPHBuckKDSalvatoreG, et al. Lack of awareness of illness in schizophrenia. Expert Rev2009; 9: 1035–1043.
2.
AmadorXFKronengoldH.Understanding and assessing insight. In: AmadorXFKronengoldH (eds) Insight and psychosis. 2nd ed.Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004, pp.3–30.
3.
OsatukeKCieslaJKasckowJW, et al. Insight in schizophrenia: a review of etiological models and supporting research. Compr Psychiatry2008; 49: 70–77.
4.
LehrerDSLorenzJ.Anosognosia in schizophrenia. Innov Clin Neurosci2014; 11: 10–17.
5.
PiaLTamiettoM.Unawareness in schizophrenia. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci2006; 60: 1–17.
6.
HeisenbergW.Physics and philosophy. New York: Harper, 1958, p.58.
7.
DouglassAYoungGMcMillanJ.Assessment of mental capacity. Wellington: Victoria University of Wellington Press, 2020.
8.
GrissoTAppelbaumPS.Values and limits of the MacArthur treatment competence study. Psychol Public Policy Law1996; 2: 167–181.
9.
LeppingPStanlyTTurnerJ.Systematic review on the prevalence of lack of capacity in medical and psychiatric settings. Clin Med2015: 15: 337–343.
10.
WangSBWangYYUngvariGS, et al. The MacArthur competence assessment tools for assessing decision-making capacity in schizophrenia. Schizophr Res2016; 183: 55–63.
11.
PalmerBWDunnLBAppelbaumPS, et al. Correlates of treatment-related decision-making capacity among middle-aged and older patients with schizophrenia. Arch Gen Psychiatry2004; 61: 230–236.
12.
EvansJDHeatonRKPaulsenJS, et al. The relationship of neuropsychological abilities to specific domains of functional capacity in older schizophrenic patients. Biol Psychiatry2003; 53: 422–430.
13.
CampbellRJ.Campbell’s psychiatric dictionary. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004.
14.
McGorryPDMcConvilleSB.Insight in psychosis: an elusive target. Compr Psychiatry1999; 40: 131–142.
15.
YoungDAZakzanisKKBaileyC, et al. Further parameters of insight and neuropsychological deficit in schizophrenia and other chronic mental disease. J Nerv Ment Dis1998; 186: 44–50.
16.
ShadMTammingaCCullumM, et al. Insight and frontal cortical function in schizophrenia. Schizophr Res2006; 86: 54–70.
17.
LincolnTMLullmannERiefW.Correlates and long-term consequences of poor insight in patients with schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull2007; 33: 1324–1342.
18.
LeleMVJoglekarAS.Poor insight in schizophrenia. J Postgrad Med1998; 44: 50–55.
American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. 5th ed.Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Association, 2013.
21.
McGlynnSMSchacterDL.Unawareness of deficits in neuropsychological syndromes. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol1989; 11: 143–205.
22.
EdelstynNMJOyebodeF. A review of the phenomenology and cognitive neuropsychological origins of the Capgras syndrome. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry1999; 14: 48–59.
23.
EmsleyRNiehausDJHOosthuizenPP, et al. Subjective awareness of tardive dyskinesia and insight in schizophrenia. Eur Psychiatry2011; 26: 293–296.
