Personnel and Human Resource Management Choices and Organisational Strategy

Abstract

"When we classified ... [our] ... businesses, and when we realized that they were going to have quite different missions, we also realized we had to have quite different people running them. That was where we began to see the need to meld our human resources planning and management with the strategic planning we were doing." (Reginald H. Jones, former chair man and CEO of the General Electric Co.)

"I believe the only game in town is the personnel game ... My theory is if you have the right person in the right place, you don't have to do anything else ... If 'you don't have the right person in the right place, 'you have a problem. If you have the wrong person in the job, there's no management system known to man that can save you." (Walter Wriston, former Chairman and CEO of Citicorp)

Get full access to this article

View all access options for this article.

References

Angle, H.L. , Manz, C.C. , and Van de Ven, A.H. (1981), Integrating Human Resource Management and Corporate Strategy: A Preview of the 3M Story. Organisational Dynamics, Winter, pp. 25-33.

Bentson, M.A. and Schuster, J.R. (1983), Executive Compensation and Employee Benefits. S.J. Carroll and R.S. Schuler (Eds), Human Resources Management in the 1980s, pp. 6-1 Washington D.C.: The Bureau of National Affairs.

Burgelman, R.A. (1983), Corporate Entrepreneurship and Strategic Management: Insights from a Process Study. Management Science, December, pp. 1349-1364.

Carroll, S.J. Jnr and Schneier, C.E. (1982) Performance Appraisal and Review Systems. Glenview II. Scott, Foresman and Company.

S.J. Carroll and R.S. Schuler (Eds) (1983) Human Resource Management in the 1980s. Washington D.C. The Bureau of National Affairs, Inc.

De Chambeau, F. and Shays, E.M. (1984) Harnessing Entrepreneurial Energy Within the Corporation . Management Review, September, pp 17-20.

Cooke, W.N. (1985) Toward a General Theory of Industrial Relations . In D.B. Lipsky and J.M. Douglas (Eds) Advances in Industrial and Labour Relations. Greenwich, CT. JAI Press.

Cummings, L.L. (1984) Compensation, Culture and Motivation: A Systems Perspective. Organisational Dynamics, Winter, pp. 33-43.

Dyer, L. and Heyer, M.D. (1984) Human Resource Planning at IBM. Human Resource Planning VII, 3.

10.

Ferris, G.R. , Schallenberg, D.A. and Zammuto, R.F. (1985) Human Resources Management Strategies in Declining Industries. Human Resources Management, Winter.

11.

Fombrun, C. (1982) An Interview with Reginald Jones. Organisational Dynamics. Winter.

12.

Fombrun, C. Tichy, N.M. and Devanna, M.A. (1984) Strategic Human Resource Management. New York. John Wiley & Sons Inc.

13.

Fossom, J.A. (1984) Strategy Issues in Labour Relations. C. Fombrun , N.M. Tichy and M.A. Devanna (Eds) Strategic Human Resource Management pp. 343-360. New York. John Wiley & Sons Inc.

14.

Foulkes, F.K. (1975), The Expanding Role of the Personnel Function. Harvard Business Review, March/April, pp. 145-156.

15.

Foulkes, F.K. (1986), Strategic Human Resource Management: A Guidefor Effective Practice. New York. Prentice Hall Inc.

16.

Frohman, M. and Frohman, A.L. (1984) Organisation Adaptation: A Personnel Responsibility . Personnel Administrator January 29, pp. 45-47, 88.

17.

George, R. and MacMillan, I.C. (1984) Corporate Venturing/Senior Management Responsibilities. Working Paper, Center for Entrepreneurial Studies. New York University.

18.

Gerstein, M. and Reisman, H. (1983) Strategic Selection: Matching Executives to Business Conditions. Sloan Management Review, Winter, pp. 33-49.

19.

Giles, R. and Landau, C. (1984) Setting Specific Standards for Appraising Creative Staffs. Personnel Administrator, 29, pp. 35-47.

20.

Gupta, A.K. (1984) Contingency Linkages Between Strategy and General Manager Characteristics: A Conceptual Examination. Academy of Management Review, 9, pp. 399-412. Gupta, A.K. and Govindarajan, V. (a) Build, Hold, Harvest: Converting Strategic Intentions Into Reality. Journal of Business Strategy, 4, pp 34-47.

21.

Gupta, K.A. and Govindarajan, V. (b) Business Unit Strategy, Managerial Characteristics and Business Unit Effectiveness at Strategy Implementation. Academy of Management Journal, 9, pp. 24-41.

22.

Hall, D.T. (1984) Human Resource Development and Organisational Effectiveness . C. Fombrun , N.M. Tichy and M.A. Devanna (eds.) Strategy Human Resource Management, pp. 159-182. New York. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

23.

Hambrick, D.C. and Mason, P.A. (1984) Upper Echelons: The Organisation as a Reflection of its Top Managers. Academy of Management Review, 9, pp. 193-206.

24.

Harris, P.R. and Harris, D.L. (1983) Human Resources Management: Charting a New Course in a New Organisation, a New Society, Part 2. Personnel 39, pp. 32-42.

25.

Hax, A.C. (1985) A Methodology for the Development of a Human Resource Strategy. MIT Working Paper — 638-85 March.

26.

Hofer, C.W. and Davoust, M.J. (1977) Successful Strategic Management . Chicago, III. A.T. Kearney.

27.

Hutton, T.J. (1985) Recruiting the Entrepreneurial Executive. Personnel Administrator, January, pp. 35-36. 38. 40-41.

28.

Kanter, R.M. (a) The Change Masters, New York. Simon and Schuster.

29.

Kanter, R.M. (b) Frontiers for Strategic Human Resource Planning and Management . Human Resource Management, 22, pp. 9-12.

30.

Kanter, R. , (1985) Supporting Innovation and Venture in Established Companies. Journal of Business Venturing, Winter, pp. 47-60.

31.

Kerr, J.L. (1982) Assigning Managers on the Basis of the Life Cycle . Journal of Business Strategy, pp. 58-65.

32.

Kerr, J.L. (1985) Diversification Strategies and Managerial Rewards: An Empirical Study. Academy of Management Journal, 28, pp. 155-179.

33.

Lawler, E.E. III (1984) The Strategic Design of Reward Systems. R.S. Schuler and S.A. Youngblood (Eds) Readings in Personnel and Human Resource Management , Second Edition pp. 253-269. St Paul. West Publishing .

34.

Lawler, E.E. Iii and Drexler, J.A. Jr (1984) The Corporate Entrepreneur. Working Paper, Center for Effective Organisations, University of Southern California.

35.

London, M. and Stempf, S.A. (1982) Managing Careers. Reading, Mass. Addison-Wesley Publishing Company.

36.

Lorange, P. and Murphy D. (1984) Bringing Human Resources Into Strategic Planning: System Design Considerations. C. Fombrun , N.M. Tichy and M.A. Devanna (Eds). Strategic Human Resource Management, pp 275-296. New York, John Wiley & Sons Inc.

37.

MacMillan, I.C. (1983) Preemptive Strategies. Journal of Business Strategy, 4, pp 16-26.

38.

Mager, R.F. and Pipe, P. (1970) Analysing Performance Problems or You Really Oughta Wanna. Belmont C.A. Fearon Pitman Publishers, Inc.

39.

Maidique, M.A. and Hayes, R.H. (1984) The Art of High Technology Management. Sloan Management Review, Winter, pp. 17-31.

40.

McGill, A.R. (1984) Practical Considerations: A Case Study of General Motors, C. Fombrun , N.M. Tichy and M.A. Devanna (Eds). Strategic Human Resource Management pp. 149-158. New York. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

41.

Miles, R.E. and Snow, C.C. (1984) Designing Strategic Human Resource Systems. Organisational Dynamics. pp. 36-52.

42.

Kilkovich, G.T. , Dyer, L. , Mahoney, T.A. (1983) HRM Planning, S.J. Carrol and R.S. Schuler (Eds) Human Revource Management in the 1980's pp. 2-?. 2-28. Washington D.C. The Bureau of National Affairs.

43.

Miller, D. , Kets de Vries, M.F.R. and Toulouse, J.M. (1982) Top Executives Locus of Control and its Relationship to Strategy-Making, Structure and Environment. Academy of Management Journal, 23, pp. 237-253.

44.

Miller, E. (1984) Strategic Staffing. C. Fombrun , N.M. Tichy and M.A. Devanna (Eds). Strategic Human Resource Management pp. 57-68. New York. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

45.

Mills, D.Q. (1985) The New Competitors. New York . The Free Press.

46.

Mirvis, P.H. (1985) Formulating and Implementing Human Resource Strategy: A Model of How to Do It. Two Examples of How It's Done. Human Resource Management, Winter, pp. 385-412.

47.

Misa, K.F. and Stein, T. (1983) Strategic HRM and the Bottom Line. Personnel Administrator, 39, pp. 27-30.

48.

Nininger, J.R. (1982) Managing Human Resources. Ottawa : The Conference Board of Canada.

49.

Olian, J.D. and Rynes, S.L. (1984) Organisational Staffing: Integrating Practice with Strategy. Industrial Relations, 23, pp. 170-183.

50.

P. Osterman (Ed) (1984) Internal Labour Markets. Cambridge, MA. London.

51.

Parker, D.F. and Ulbrich, D.O. (1983) Why and How to Add Human Resources to the Firm's Strategic Team. Working Paper, University of Michigan, August.

52.

Peters, T.A. and Waterman, R.H. Jr (1982) In Search of Excellence . New York. Warner Books.

53.

Pinchot, G. Iii (1984) Entrepreneurship: How to Top Corporate Creative Energies. The Mainstream, 1, 2.

54.

Porter, M.E. (1980) Competitive Strategy. New York . Free Press.

55.

Roberts, E.B. and Fusfeld, A.R. (1981) Staffing the Innovative Technology-Based Organisation . Sloan Management Review, Spring, pp. 19-34.

56.

Schein, E.H. (1970) Organisational Psychology. Englewood Cliffs, NJ. Prentice-Hall.

57.

Schuler, R.S. (1987) Personnel and Human Resource Management, Third Edition. St Paul. West Publishing.

58.

Schuler, R.S. (1986) Fostering and Facilitating Entrepreneurship in Organisations: Implications for Organisation Structure and Human Resource Management Practices. NYU Working Paper, March.

59.

Schuler, R.S. and MacMillan, I.C. (1984) Gaining Competitive Advantage through Human Resource Management Practices. Human Resource Management, 23, pp. 241-255.

60.

Schuler, R.S. , MacMillan, I.C. and Martocchio, J.J. (1985) Key Strategic Questions for Human Resource Management. W.D. Guth (Ed) Handbook of Business Strategy, 86Yearbook . Boston. Warren, Gorham & Lamont.

61.

Shrivastava, P. and Peridis, T. (1985) Assessing the Conceptual Language of Strategic Management: An Analysis of Typologies. Paper presented at the National Academy of Management, San Diego.

62.

Skaggs, J.H. (1984) ASPA Will Move Strategically Toward Future Challenges . Personnel Administrator, 29, pp. 48-54.

63.

Skinner, W. (1981) Big Hat, No Cattle: Managing Resources. Harvard Business Review, September/October, pp. 106-114.

64.

Slocum, J.W. , Cron, W.L. , Hansen, R.W. and Rawlings, S. (1985) Business Strategy and Management of Plateaued Employees . Academy of Management Journal, 28, pp. 133-154.

65.

Snow, C.C. and Hrebiniak, L.G. (1980) Strategy, Distinctive Competence and Organisational Performance. Administrative Science Quarterly, 25, 1980 pp. 307-335.

66.

Song, J.H. (1982) Diversification Strategies and the Experience of Top Executives of Large Firms. Strategic Management Journal , 3, pp. 377-380.

67.

Stumpf, S.A. and Hanrahan, N.M. (1984) Designing Organisational Career Management Practices to fit Strategic Management Objectives. R.S. Schuler and S.A. Youngblood (Eds). Readings in Personnel and Human Resource Management, Second Edition pp. 326-348. St Paul. West Publishing.

68.

Szilagyi, A.D. and Schweiger, D.M. (1984) Matching Managers to Strategies: A Review and Suggested Framework. Academy of Management Review, 9, pp. 626-637.

69.

Tichy, N.M. (1982) Managing Change Strategically: The Technical, Political and Cultural Keys. Organisational Dynamics, Autumn, pp. 59-80.

70.

Tichy, N.M. , Fombrun, C.J. and Devanna, M.A. (1982) Strategic Human Resource Management. Sloan Management Review, 23, pp. 47-61.

71.

Timmons, J.A. (1979) Careful Self-Analysis and Team Assessment Can Aid Entrepreneurs. Harvard Business Review, November/December, pp. 198-200, 202, 206.

72.

Wissema, J.G. , Van Der Pol, H.W. and Messer, H.M. (1980) Strategic Management Archetypes. Strategic Management Journal, 1, pp 37-47.

73.

Wright, R.V.L. (1974) A System for Managing Diversity. Cambridge, MA Arthur D. Little.