Abstract
• As an employee 'welfare service' designed to improve the quality of work life?
• As another employee benefit the organisation is expected to provide?
• As in the USA, a means of complying with requirements to employ and develop women, blacks and minority groups?
• As the technocrat's dream-perfectly planned and controlled human resource deployment?
"Organisational career planning and development systems must be regarded as a kind of participative human resources management."
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