Executive Detention

Magna Carta (1215) cl 39.

Ibid.

For the relevance of Magna Carta under Australian Law see Clark David , ‘Icon of Liberty: The Status and Role of Magna Carta in Australian and New Zealand Law, The Centennial Symposium: An Australian Retrospective: Legal History’ (2000) 24 Melbourne University Law Review 866, 891.

Clark David , ‘Jurisdiction and power: Habeas corpus and the federal court’ (2006) 32(2) Monash University Law Review 275, 275.

Ex parte Walsh and Johnson; In re Yeats (1925) 37 CLR 369; Chu Kheng Lim v Minister for Immigration (1992) 176 CLR I (8 December 1992).

Palmer Mick , Inquiry into the Circumstances of the Immigration Detention of Cornelia Rau (Commonwealth of Australia, 2005) viii–xiv.

Migration Act 1958 (Cth) s 189(1).

Migration Act 1958 (Cth) s 189(1).

Migration Act 1958 (Cth) s 196(2).

See the case of Al-Kateb v Godwin (2004) 219 CLR 562 where the majority found that indefinite detention was lawful pursuant to s 196 as a matter of statutory construction. Therefore the court could not order a writ in the nature of habeas corpus.

Australian Human Rights Commission , Tell Me About: Refugees with Adverse Security Assessments (2013).

Flitton Daniel , ‘Plight of ‘ASIO refugees’ in indefinite detention a warning in citizenship debate: Lawyers’, Sydney Morning Herald (online), 23 June 2015 <http://www.smh.com.au/federal-politics/political-news/plight-of-asio-refugees-a-warning-in-citizenship-debates-lawyers-20150623-ghvdji.html>.

See International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, opened for signature 16 December 1966, 999 UNTS 171 (entered into force 23 March 1976) art 9(4); Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, opened for signature 10 December 1984, 1465 UNTS 85 (entered into force 26 June 1987); Convention on the Rights of the Child, opened for signature 20 November 1989, 1577 UNTS 3 (entered into force 2 September 1990).

Migration Act 1958 (Cth) ss 134B, 189.

Migration Act 1958 (Cth) ss 195A(2)-(4).

Freckelton Ian , ‘Madness, Migration and Misfortune: The Challenge of the Bleak Tale of Cornelia Rau’ (2005) Editorial 12(1) Psychiatry, Psychology and Law I.

Commonwealth Ombudsman , Lessons for Public Administration: Ombudsman Investigation of Referred Immigration Cases (Commonwealth of Australia, 2007) 8.

Australian Public Service Commission , Capability Review: Department of Immigration and Citizenship (Commonwealth of Australia, 2012).

Flitton Daniel , ‘ASIO reverses finding refugees pose a threat’, Sydney Morning Herald (online), 11 January 2015 <http://www.smh.com.au/national/asio-reverses-finding-refugees-pose-a-threat-20150107-12jebg.html>; Medhora Shalailah , ‘Refugees Released from Detention as Negative ASIO Assessments Reversed’, The Guardian (online), 11 January 2015. <http://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/jan/11/refugees-released-detention-negative-assessments-reversed-australia>.

Australian Public Service Commission , above n 18.

Prince Peter , The Detention of Cornelia Rau: Legal Issues (Department of Parliamentary Services, 2005) 7.

Palmer Mick , Inquiry into the Circumstances of the Immigration Detention of Cornelia Rau (Commonwealth of Australia, 2005) xv.

Migration Act 1958 (Cth) s 196(2).

Palmer Mick , Inquiry into the Circumstances of the Immigration Detention of Cornelia Rau (Commonwealth of Australia, 2005).

Administrative Appeals Tribunal , Guide to Refugee Law (Commonwealth of Australia, 2015) [12–1]. Migration Act 1958 (Cth) ss 411(1), 500(4) and 500(4A).

Migration Act 1958 (Cth) s 4860.

Neave Colin , Statement of Intent by the Commonwealth Ombudsman to the Minister for Immigration and Border Protection concerning assessments under section 4860 of the Migration Act 1958 (Commonwealth Ombudsman, 2014) I.

Migration Act 1958 (Cth) s 4860(4).

See, eg, Migration Act 1958 (Cth) s 476 limits to natural justice; Migration Regulations 1994 (Cth).

Attorney-General (NSW) v Quin (1990) 170 CLR I.

Migration Act 1958 (Cth) s 474.

Migration Act 1958 (Cth) s 474(1).

Plaintiff SI57/2002 v The Commonwealth (‘2003’) 211 CLR 476.

Goldie v Commonwealth (2002) 188 ALR 708; VHAF v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs [2002] FCA 1243. For more analysis on the point at which detention is unlawful see Crock Mary Saul Ben and Dastyari Azadeh , Future Seekers II: Refugees and Irregular Migration in Australia (Federation Press, 2006).

Australian Security Intelligence Organisation Act 1979 (Cth) ss 4, 35, 36. The Migration Act 1958 (Cth) s 411 provides that the former Commonwealth Refugee Review Tribunal can only review a decision to refuse to grant a protection visa on limited grounds.

Al-Kateb v Godwin (2004) 219 CLR 562.

Commonwealth Ombudsman , above n 17.

Ibid 24–25.

The 273-day limit on immigration detention was removed in 1992. See Migration Reform Act 1992 (Cth).

A v Australia, UN Doc CCPR/ C?59/D/560/1993 (30 April 1997).

Art 9(4), International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, 16 December 1966, UNTS Vol.999, 171. The ICCPR was adopted by Australia on 13 August 1980.

Human Rights Committee , FKAG et al v Australia, UN Doc CPR/ C/108/D/2094/2011 (23 August 2013) [9.6]. See also MMM v Australia, UN Doc CCPR/C/108/D/2136/2012 (20 August 2013).

Ibid [9.6].

[2012] HCA 46 See Justices Gummow and Bell. Notably, the court also found that ASIO's security assessment of M47 was procedurally fair, because it gave Plaintiff M47 a chance to state his version of events in an interview.

Saul Ben , ‘Indefinite Security Detention and Refugee Children and Families in Australia: International Human Rights Law Dimensions’ (2013) 20 Australian International Law Journal 55, 57, citing articles 17(1), 23(1), 24(1) and 9, ICCPR and articles 3(1) and 37(b), Convention on the Rights of the Child, 20 November 1989, UNTS Vol. 1577, 3.

See Mental Health Act 2007 (NSW).

Ibid s 37(1).

Ibid s 156.

Ibids 13.

Mental Health Review Tribunal , The Tribunal (2013) NSW government <http://www.mhrt.nsw.gov.au/the-tribunal/>.

See generally Veal v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs (2005) 222 ALR 411.

The applicant may be de-identified in the case report.