Minority Rights Advocacy for Incarcerated Indigenous Australians

International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, opened for signature 16 December 1966, 999 UNTS 171 (entered into force 23 March 1976).

In this article the following terms are used; ‘Community’ is capitalised when referring to Indigenous Community, and not capitalised when used as a verb (eg, ‘in community with others’). ‘Country’ is capitalised when referring to Indigenous lands, and not capitalised when referring to a sovereign state.

Sandra Lovelace v Canada, Communication No. 24/1977, UN Doc CCPR/C/13/D/24/1977 (1981).

United Nations Human Rights Office of the High Commissioner , Status of Ratification (2014) <http://indicators.ohchr.org/>.

Coleman v Australia, Communication No. 1157/2003, UN Doc CCPR/C/87/D/1157/2003 (2006); see also Triggs Gillian President, Australian Human Rights Commission , Notice under s 29 of the Australian Human Rights Commission Act 1986 (Cth) – Report Regarding Complaints of Mr Malcolm Morton et al (August 2014) [176].

Minister for Immigration and Ethnic Affairs v Teoh (1995) 183 CLR 273.

Tillman v Australia, Communication No. 1635/2007, UN Doc CCPR/ C/98/D/1635/2007 (2010).

First Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, opened for signature 16 December 1966, 999 UNTS 171 (entered into force 23 March 1976); Australia acceded to the OPICCPR on 25 September 1991.

See Australian Bureau of Statistics, 4517.0 – Prisoners in Australia 2015 <http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/Lookup/by%20Subject/4517.0-2015∼Main%20Features∼Aboriginal%20and%20Torres%20Strait%20lslander%20prisoner%20characteristies∼7>.

Ibid.

McNamara Luke and Quilter Julia , The “Bikie Effect” and Other Forms of Demonisation: The Origins and Effects of Hyper-Criminalisation’ (2016) 34(2) Law in Context 5.

Methven Elyse , ‘“Weeds of Our Own Making”: Language Ideologies, Swearing and the Criminal Law’ (2016) 34(2) Law in Context 117.

Bardon Jane , ‘NT Government Dismisses Coroner's Call to Scrap Paperless Arrests after death of Kumanjayi Langdon’, ABC News (online), 14 August 2015 <www.abc.net.au/news/2015-08-14/paperless-arrest-system-manifestly-unfair-langdon-inquest-told/6697818>; cited in McNamara and Quilter, above n 11,33.

Crimes Amendment (Consorting and Organised Crime) Act 2012 (NSW).

See Royal Commission into Aboriginal Deaths in Custody National Report, Volume 1 (15 April 1991) <http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/other/IndigLRes/rciadic/national/voll/> [para 25.3.1].

Human Rights Committee , General Comment 23, Article 27 (Fiftieth session, 1994), Compilation of General Comments and General Recommendations Adopted by Human Rights Treaty Bodies, UN Doc HRI/GEN/I/Revl at 38 (1994).

Ibid.

Joseph Sarah and Castan Melissa , The International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights – Cases, Materials and Commentary (Oxford University Press, 3rd ed, 2013) 832–66

Human Rights Committee , General Comment 12: The right to self-determination of peoples (Art I) (21 st Session, 1984) adopted on 13 March 1984, 2.

Joseph and Castan , above n 18.

Sandra Lovelace v Canada, Communication No 24/1977, UN Doc CCPR/C/13/D/24/1977 (1981); Ivan Kitok v Sweden, Communication No 197/1985, UN Doc CCPR/ C/33/D/197/1985 (1988).

Rakhim Mavlonov and Mr Shansiy Sa'di v Uzbekistan, Communication No 1334/2004, UN Doc CCPR/ C/95/D/1334/2004 (2009).

House of Representatives Committees Inquiry into Language Learning in Indigenous Communities (Our Land Our Languages Report, tabled 17 September 2012), Chapter 2.

Ivan Kitok v Sweden, Communication No. 197/1985, UN Doc CCPR/ C/33/D/I97/1985 (1988).

Francis Hopu and Tepoaitu Bessert v. France, Communication No. 549/1993, UN Doc CCPR/C/60/D/549/1993/ Revl (1994).

Dodson Pat , ‘Reconciliation in crisis’ in Yunupingu Galarrwuy (ed), Our Land is our Life: Land Rights – Past, Present and Future (University of Queensland Press, 1997) 137–49.