See BrownDavid, ‘Mapping the Conditions of Penal Hope’, International Journal of Crime, Justice and Social Democracy (2013) 2(3) 27–42.
7.
See Cameron, above n I. All subsequent direct quotes and summaries of the PM's speech are from this source.
8.
TravisAlan, ‘UK prison population is the biggest in western Europe’, The Guardian, 8 March 2016. In comparison, the Australian national imprisonment rate was 196 prisoners per 100 000 adult population at 30 June 2015, a 6 per cent increase from 186 prisoners per 100 000 in 2014. ABS, Prisoners in Australia, 2015.
GendersElaine, ‘Prisons and Privatisation’, in Dockley and Loader (eds), The Penal Landscape (Routledge, 2013) 41.
16.
See Cameron, above n I.
17.
Ibid.
18.
TravisAlan, ‘Michael Gove eyes Pentonville sale under “new for old” prison policy’, The Guardian, 17 July 2015.
19.
OsborneHilary, ‘Gove's comments on selling Pentonville jail have property developers salivating’, The Guardian, 19 July 2015. Similarly, in NSW, Corrections Minister ElliottDavid called for the sale of the Long Bay complex, saying, ‘I have long held the view that prisoners should not have access to such prime Sydney real estate at the expense of taxpayers’ <http://www.smh.com.au/nsw/developers-hungry-for-sale-of-long-bay-prison-complex-20160506-goo0ya.html>.
20.
McMahonWill and RobertsRebecca, ‘Cameron's prison reform: Privatisation and asset stripping?’, openDemocracy UK, 18 February 2016.
21.
CopsonGary, ‘Cameron and Gove are talking big on prison reform. But can they deliver?’The Guardian, 10 February 2016.
22.
Eg. ToynbeePolly, ‘If Cameron really cared he would cut prisoner numbers’, The Guardian, 9 February 2016.
GentlemanAmelia, ‘Gove: I can reform prisons without cutting inmate numbers’, The Guardian, I March 2016.
26.
Copson, above n 21.
27.
BellEmma, ‘Can Corbyn's radicalism extend to criminal justice policy?’, openDemocracy UK, 14 October 2015.
28.
Dockley and Loader (eds), above n 15; FarrallStephen (eds), Justice and Penal Reform (Routledge, 2016).
29.
AllenRob, Rehabilitation Devolution (Transform Justice, December 2015).
30.
ChurchillWinston, Home Secretary (Speech delivered in the UK House of Commons, 20 July 1910).
31.
BirrellIan, ‘Could Michael Gove become a liberal hero by reforming our prisons?’, The Guardian, 20 May 2015.
32.
BrownDavid and QuilterJulia, ‘Speaking Too Soon: The Sabotage of Bail Reform in NSW’, International Journal for Crime, Justice and Social Democracy (2014) 3(3) 73–97.
33.
NeedhamKirsty, ‘Minister proves danger of governing by talkback radio’, Sun-Herald (Sydney), 10 April 2016.
34.
For a detailed treatment of justice reinvestment policies in the US and their potential application to Australia, see Brown, Justice Reinvestment: Winding back Imprisonment (Palgrave Macmillan, 2016).
35.
GreenDavid, ‘Penal optimism and Second Chances’ (2013) Punishment and Society12(2) 123–46.
36.
See Brown, above n 6, 32; for the role of Right on Crime and conservative evangelicals in the US Justice Reinvestment movement, see Brown, above n 34, 214–8.
37.
WilkinsonRichard and PickettKate, The Spirit Level (Allen Lane, 2009).
38.
See, eg. RoseDina and ClearTodd, ‘Incarceration, Social Capital and Crime’, Criminology (1998)36(3) 441–80; ClearTodd, Imprisoning Communities: How Mass Incarceration Makes Disadvantaged Behavior Worse (Oxford University Press, 2007).
39.
See eg. BarkerVanessa, The Politics of Imprisonment (Oxford University Press, 2009); ‘Symposium; Democratic Theory and Mass Incarceration’ (2014) 23(1) The Good Society; LoaderIan and SparksRichard, Public Criminology (Routledge, 2010).
40.
Genders, above n 15; CreweBenHulleySusie and LieblingAlison, ‘Values and Practices in Public and Private Sector Prisons’ (2011) 196Prison Service Journal55–8.
41.
A recent US review found that private prisons ‘perform no better than publicly operating facilities’ and ‘are not guaranteed to reduce correctional costs’. MasonCody, ‘International Growth Trends in Prison Privatization’, The Sentencing Project, August 2013, 11. Similarly a recent Australian study concluded ‘the purported benefits of introducing private prisons along the lines of accountability, costs, efficiency and performance still remain to be proven.’AndrewsJaneBakerMax and RobertsPhilip, Prison Privatisation in Australia (University of Sydney Business School, 2016) 4.
42.
Ibid. See also AcklandRichard, ‘Incarceration-for-profit’, The Guardian (Australia), 1April 2016.
43.
RutterTamsin, ‘Privatised probation staff: Stressed, deskilled and facing job cuts’, The Guardian, 23 February 2016; see generally DeeringJohn and FeilzerMartina, Privatising Probation (Policy Press, 2015).
44.
WainwrightOliver, ‘Pile’ em high: Britain's £lbn plan to build nine warehouse super-prisons', The Guardian, 11 November 2015.
45.
AllisonEric, ‘What Michael Gove could learn from Scotland's prison closure’, The Guardian, 30 June 2015.
46.
Allen, above n 29.
47.
HarcourtBernard, ‘Reducing Mass incarceration’ (2011) 9(1) Ohio State Journal of Criminal Law <http://moritzlaw.osu.edu/osjcl/Articles/Volume9_I/Harcourt.pdf>; quoted in SimonJonathan, ‘An Unenviable Task: How Federal Courts Legitimized Mass Incarceration’ in Tankebe and Liebling (eds), Legitimacy and Criminal Justice (Oxford University Press, 2013) 244.