‘Finding Diamonds in the Rough and Helping Them Shine’

Cameron David , ‘Prison reform: Prime Minister's speech’ (Speech delivered at the Policy Exchange, Westminster, London, 8 February 2016) <https://www.gov.uk/government/speeches/prison-reform-prime-ministers-speech>.

‘The Observer view on penal reform’, Observer Editorial, 28 June 2015. <https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2015/jun/28/observer-view-prison-reform-michael-gove>.

Kettle Martin : ‘Michael Gove is a true reformer. Liberals should be cheering him on’, The Guardian (online), 9 October 2015 <http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2015/oct/09/michael-gove-reformer-liberals-prison-reform>.

Hutton Will , ‘Michael Gove has a vision for reforming prisons – and justice’, The Guardian, 19 July 2015.

‘Howard League Responds to the Prime Minister's Prison Reform Proposals’ http://howardleague.org/news/howard-league-responds-to-prime-ministers-prison-reform-proposals/; Travis Alan , ‘Gove praised as “breath of fresh air” by penal reform groups’, The Guardian, 18 July 2015.

See Brown David , ‘Mapping the Conditions of Penal Hope’, International Journal of Crime, Justice and Social Democracy (2013) 2(3) 27–42.

See Cameron, above n I. All subsequent direct quotes and summaries of the PM's speech are from this source.

Travis Alan , ‘UK prison population is the biggest in western Europe’, The Guardian, 8 March 2016. In comparison, the Australian national imprisonment rate was 196 prisoners per 100 000 adult population at 30 June 2015, a 6 per cent increase from 186 prisoners per 100 000 in 2014. ABS , Prisoners in Australia, 2015.

See League Howard , Faint Hope: What to do about long sentences (2016) <http://howardleague.org/publications/faint-hope-what-to-do-about-long-sentences/>.

Barrett David , Too many jails are “places of violence, squalor and idleness”, watchdog warns', The Telegraph (UK), 14 July 2015 <http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/law-and-order/11738153/Too-many-jails-are-places-of-violence-squalor-and-idleness-watchdog-warns.html>.

BBC News , ‘Prisons “in worst state for a decade”, inspector warns’, 14 July 2015 (Danny Shaw) <http://www.bbc.com/news/uk-33517116>.

See, eg, reports and submissions by Howard League http://howardleague.org/publications/.

Ministry of Justice , Breaking the Cycle: Effective Punishment, Rehabilitation and Sentencing of Offenders, Report to Parliament, Cm 7972, December 2010. <https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/185936/breaking-the-cycle.pdf>.

Ibid 1.

Genders Elaine , ‘Prisons and Privatisation’, in Dockley and Loader (eds), The Penal Landscape (Routledge, 2013) 41.

See Cameron , above n I.

Ibid.

Travis Alan , ‘Michael Gove eyes Pentonville sale under “new for old” prison policy’, The Guardian, 17 July 2015.

Osborne Hilary , ‘Gove's comments on selling Pentonville jail have property developers salivating’, The Guardian, 19 July 2015. Similarly, in NSW, Corrections Minister Elliott David called for the sale of the Long Bay complex, saying, ‘I have long held the view that prisoners should not have access to such prime Sydney real estate at the expense of taxpayers’ <http://www.smh.com.au/nsw/developers-hungry-for-sale-of-long-bay-prison-complex-20160506-goo0ya.html>.

McMahon Will and Roberts Rebecca , ‘Cameron's prison reform: Privatisation and asset stripping?’, openDemocracy UK, 18 February 2016.

Copson Gary , ‘Cameron and Gove are talking big on prison reform. But can they deliver?’ The Guardian, 10 February 2016.

Eg. Toynbee Polly , ‘If Cameron really cared he would cut prisoner numbers’, The Guardian, 9 February 2016.

Garside Richard , The New Labour crime policies of Cameron and Corbyn’, Centre for Crime and Justice Studies, 28 February 2016 <http://www.crimeandjustice.org.uk/resources/new-labour-crime-policies-cameron-and-corbyn>.

See League Howard , above n 5.

Gentleman Amelia , ‘Gove: I can reform prisons without cutting inmate numbers’, The Guardian, I March 2016.

Copson, above n 21.

Bell Emma , ‘Can Corbyn's radicalism extend to criminal justice policy?’, openDemocracy UK, 14 October 2015.

Dockley and Loader (eds), above n 15; Farrall Stephen (eds), Justice and Penal Reform (Routledge, 2016).

Allen Rob , Rehabilitation Devolution (Transform Justice, December 2015).

Churchill Winston , Home Secretary (Speech delivered in the UK House of Commons, 20 July 1910).

Birrell Ian , ‘Could Michael Gove become a liberal hero by reforming our prisons?’, The Guardian, 20 May 2015.

Brown David and Quilter Julia , ‘Speaking Too Soon: The Sabotage of Bail Reform in NSW’, International Journal for Crime, Justice and Social Democracy (2014) 3(3) 73–97.

Needham Kirsty , ‘Minister proves danger of governing by talkback radio’, Sun-Herald (Sydney), 10 April 2016.

For a detailed treatment of justice reinvestment policies in the US and their potential application to Australia, see Brown , Justice Reinvestment: Winding back Imprisonment (Palgrave Macmillan, 2016).

Green David , ‘Penal optimism and Second Chances’ (2013) Punishment and Society 12(2) 123–46.

See Brown , above n 6, 32; for the role of Right on Crime and conservative evangelicals in the US Justice Reinvestment movement, see Brown , above n 34, 214–8.

Wilkinson Richard and Pickett Kate , The Spirit Level (Allen Lane, 2009).

See, eg. Rose Dina and Clear Todd , ‘Incarceration, Social Capital and Crime’, Criminology (1998) 36(3) 441–80; Clear Todd , Imprisoning Communities: How Mass Incarceration Makes Disadvantaged Behavior Worse (Oxford University Press, 2007).

See eg. Barker Vanessa , The Politics of Imprisonment (Oxford University Press, 2009); ‘Symposium; Democratic Theory and Mass Incarceration’ (2014) 23(1) The Good Society; Loader Ian and Sparks Richard , Public Criminology (Routledge, 2010).

Genders, above n 15; Crewe Ben Hulley Susie and Liebling Alison , ‘Values and Practices in Public and Private Sector Prisons’ (2011) 196 Prison Service Journal 55–8.

A recent US review found that private prisons ‘perform no better than publicly operating facilities’ and ‘are not guaranteed to reduce correctional costs’. Mason Cody , ‘International Growth Trends in Prison Privatization’, The Sentencing Project, August 2013, 11. Similarly a recent Australian study concluded ‘the purported benefits of introducing private prisons along the lines of accountability, costs, efficiency and performance still remain to be proven.’ Andrews Jane Baker Max and Roberts Philip , Prison Privatisation in Australia (University of Sydney Business School, 2016) 4.

Ibid. See also Ackland Richard , ‘Incarceration-for-profit’, The Guardian (Australia), 1April 2016.

Rutter Tamsin , ‘Privatised probation staff: Stressed, deskilled and facing job cuts’, The Guardian, 23 February 2016; see generally Deering John and Feilzer Martina , Privatising Probation (Policy Press, 2015).

Wainwright Oliver , ‘Pile’ em high: Britain's £lbn plan to build nine warehouse super-prisons', The Guardian, 11 November 2015.

Allison Eric , ‘What Michael Gove could learn from Scotland's prison closure’, The Guardian, 30 June 2015.

Allen, above n 29.

Harcourt Bernard , ‘Reducing Mass incarceration’ (2011) 9(1) Ohio State Journal of Criminal Law <http://moritzlaw.osu.edu/osjcl/Articles/Volume9_I/Harcourt.pdf>; quoted in Simon Jonathan , ‘An Unenviable Task: How Federal Courts Legitimized Mass Incarceration’ in Tankebe and Liebling (eds), Legitimacy and Criminal Justice (Oxford University Press, 2013) 244.

Hartcher Peter , The Prime Minister We Had to Have’, Sydney Morning Herald (Sydney), 28 May 2005 <http://www.smh.com.au/news/National/The-prime-minister-we-had-to-have/2005/05/27/1117129901088.html>.