Director of Public Prosecutions v Kaba (‘Kaba’) (2014) 66 MVR 137.
2.
The decision also examined exclusion of evidence under the Evidence Act2008 (Vic). This article only deals with the Road Safety Act1986 (Vic) interpretation.
3.
Kaba (2014) 66 MVR 137 [138] (BellJ).
4.
Ibid202 [239].
5.
Ibid193 [207].
6.
Ibid202 [243].
7.
Road Traffic Act1972 (UK) s 159(1).
8.
Road Traffic Act1974 (WA) s 53(1).
9.
Highway Traffic Act, RSO 1970, c 202, s 14.
10.
Steel v Goacher [1983] RTR 98; Hoffman [1974] 1 WLR 374; Lodwick v Sanders [1985] 1 WLR 382 (WebsterJ).
11.
Winter v Barlow [1980] RTR 209.
12.
RSO1980 (Ont Canada) s 189a(1)
13.
Dedman v The Queen [1985] SCR 2.
14.
See, eg, R v Lodouceur [1990] 1 SCR 1257 (DicksonCJWilsonLa ForestSopinkaJJ).
Field contacts are stops where the police collect information from people where they have no reasonable grounds to suspect them of committing an offence. The lack of reasonable grounds leaves those who are stopped vulnerable to racial profiling.
TanovichDavid M, The Colour of Justice: Policing Race in Canada (Irwin Law, 2006) 171, 172.
38.
Hufsky v The Queen [1988] 1 SCR 621, 633 (Le DainJ). Le Dain concluded that stopping was proportionate despite being arbitrary.
39.
Watson v Kaba, 13 May 2013 transcript. (Defence: ‘Okay and what sort of criteria would you apply in doing a routine intercept in deciding which car to intercept?’ Police Officer: ‘Any vehicle, it can be absolutely any vehicle, I pull over an array of different vehicles every day.’)
For example, see MooneyJayneYoungJock, ‘Policing Ethnic Minorities: Stop and Search in North London’ in MarlowLoveday (eds), 'After MacPherson, Policing After the Stephen Lawrence Inquiry (Russell House, 2000) 85.
42.
Ibid.
43.
Kaba (2014) 66 MVR 137, 180 [162] (BellJ).
44.
See, eg, ABC, Cop it Sweet (TV Documentary, 1992).
45.
Tanovich, above n 37, 132–135.
46.
R v Brown [2003] OJ No 125 1, 254.
47.
Tanovich above n 37.
48.
Nassiah v Peel Regional Police Services Board (2006) HRTO 18. This is one of the arguments that would have been tested in Australia had Haile-Michael v Konstantinidis gone to trial in the Federal Court in 2013.
Equal Opportunity Act2010 (Vic) s 44. This section arguably only applies to victims of crime, not those who the police are investigating.
53.
See, eg, TurenneMichèle, Racial Profiling Context and Definition (Commission des droits de la personne et des droits de la jeunesse, Quebec, Canada2005) 13.
