Sentencing Indigenous Women after Bugmy

Australian Bureau of Statistics, Corrective Services, Australia, March Quarter 2015, 4512.0 <http://www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/abs@.nsf/ProductsbyTopic/9B3F80C43A73AF6CCA2568B7001B4595?OpenDocument>; Bureau of Crime Statistics and Research (‘BOCSAR’), NSW Custody Statistics Quarterly Update (March 2015), 2.1.7 <http://www.bocsar.nsw.gov.au/Documents/custody/NSWCustodyStatisticsMar2015.pdf>; see also Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Social Justice Commissioner (‘ATSISJC’), Social Justice Report 2008 (Human Rights and Equal Opportunities Commission (‘HREOC’), 2008), 304.

BOCSAR, NSW Criminal Court Statistics 2014 (May 2015), 35–38 <http://www.bocsar.nsw.gov.au/Documents/CCS-Annual/ccs2014.pdf>.

Indigenous Deaths in Custody, (1996) (Report prepared by the Office of the ATSISJC for the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Commission), 7.1.

Manuell Janet , 'The Fernando Principles: The Sentencing of Indigenous Offenders in NSW (Discussion paper prepared for the NSW Sentencing Council, December 2009), 4.

(1982) 149 CLR 305 (Neal).

Neal, 326 ( Brennan J ).

(2013) 249 CLR 271 (Bugmy).

ATSISJC, Social Justice Report 2002 (HREOC, 2002) 155.

See, eg, Bartels Lorana , 'Painting the picture of Indigenous women in custody in Australia (2012) 12(2) QUT Law & Justice Journal 1.

Marchetti Elena Ransley Janet , ‘Applying the critical lens to judicial officers and legal practitioners involved in sentencing Indigenous offenders’ (2014) 37(1) UNSW Law Journal 1, 8.

ATSISJC, above n 8, 15.

See, eg, NSW Judicial Commission, Sentencing Bench Book, <http://www.judcom.nsw.gov.au>.

(1992) 76 A Crim R 58 (Fernando), 62 ( Wood J ).

Anthony Thalia , ‘Before the High Court: Indigenising Sentencing? Bugmy v The Queen’ (2013) 35 Sydney Law Review 451, 456.

BOCSAR, Sentencing Snapshot for Assault, Crime and Justice Statistics Bureau Brief, February 2011.

R v Davey (1980) 2 A Crim R 254; R v Friday (1984) 14 A Crim R 471; Yougie v R (1987) 33 A Crim R 301; Rogers v R (1989) 44 A Crim R 301; Juli v R (1990) 50 A Crim R 31.

Flynn Martin , ‘Not “Aboriginal Enough” for Particular Consideration when Sentencing’ (2005) 6(9) Indigenous Law Bulletin 15.

(2001) 119 A Crim R 535.

[2001] NSWCCA 156.

Hopkins Anthony , ‘The Relevance of Aboriginality in Sentencing: “Sentencing a Person for Who They Are”’ (2012) 16(1) Australian Indigenous Law Review 37, 37.

Flynn , above n 17, 44.

Baldry Eileen Cunneen Chris , ‘Imprisoned Indigenous Women and the Shadow of Colonial Patriachy’ (2014) 47(2) ANZ Journal of Criminology 276.

Moreton-Robinson Aileen Walter Maggie , ‘Indigenous Methodologies in Social Research’ in Walter (ed), Social Research Methods (Oxford University Press, 2009) 95, 99.

[2010] NSWCCA 260.

(2013) 249 CLR 600.

Bugmy, [41] ( French CJ Hayne Crennan Kiefel Bell Keane JJ ).

Storr Caithleen , ‘The Aurukun Rape Case, Indigenous Sentencing and the Normalisation of Disadvantage’ (2009) 13(1) Australian Indigenous Law Review 107.

Ibid.

Loxley Wendy Adams Kerryn , ‘Women, Drug Use and Crime: Findings from the Drug Use Monitoring in Australia Program’ (Research and Public Policy Series No 99, AIC 2009), xi.

Baldry Eileen , ‘Home Safely: Aboriginal Women Post-prison and Their Children’ (2009) 7(15) Indigenous Law Bulletin 14.

Behrendt Larissa Cunneen Chris Liebesman Terri , Indigenous Legal Relations in Australia (Oxford University Press, 2009), 16.

Lawrie Rowena , Speak Out, Speak Strong: Researching the Needs of Aboriginal Women in Custody (NSW Aboriginal Justice Advisory Council, 2002), 27.

Behrendt Cunneen Liebesman , above n 31.

ATSISJC, above n 8, 2.

Lawrie Rowena , ‘Holistic Community Justice: A Proposed Response to Aboriginal Family Violence’ (NSW Aboriginal Justice Advisory Council, 2001) 6.

Bartels , above n 9, 15 (footnotes omitted).

Ibid 11 (footnotes omitted).

Ibid.

Johnson Holly , ‘Drugs and Crime: A Study of Incarcerated Female Offenders’ (Research and Public Policy Series No 63, AIC, 2004).

[1999] 1 SCR 688.

lpeelee [2012] 1 SCR 433.

Burt Gregory , ‘What about the Wahine? Can an Alternative Sentencing Practice Reduce the Rate that Maori Women Fill our Prisons?’ (2011) 19(1) Waikato Law Review 206, 212; Anaya James , Report of the Special Rapporteur on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples: The Situation of Indigenous Peoples in Canada, UN Doc A/HRC/27/52/Add.2 (4 July 2014), 10; Bolongaro Kait , ‘Canada's Broken Relationship with its Aboriginal Peoples’ Al Jazeera (online), 23 May 2014 <http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/opinion/2014/05/canada-broken-relationship-wit-2014523123830144334.html>.

R v Smith 2014 NLPC 1313A00841 (August 5 2014, unreported), [9] ( Gorman J ).

Williams Toni , ‘Intersectionality Analysis in the Sentencing of Aboriginal Women in Canada’ in Grabham Emily . (eds), Intersectionality and Beyond: Law, Power and the Politics of Location (Routledge-Cavendish, 2009) 79, 88–89; Burt above n 42.

Criminal Procedure Regulation 2010 (NSW) Pt 6.

Brown David , Criminal Laws: Materials and Commentary on Criminal Law and Process of NSW (Federation Press, 6th ed, 2015), 1234.

McNamara Luke , ‘Indigenous Community Participation in the Sentencing of Criminal Offenders: Circle Sentencing’ (2000) 5(4) Indigenous Law Bulletin 5.

Marchetti Elena Daly Kathleen , ‘Indigenous Sentencing Courts: Towards a Theoretical and Jurisprudential Model’ (2007) 17 Sydney Law Review 415, 419.

Hennessy Annette , ‘Indigenous Sentencing Practices in Australia’ (Paper presented at the International Society for Reform of the Criminal Law Conference, Brisbane, July 2006).

Marchetti Daly , above n 48, 429.

See, eg, Tauri Juan M , ‘Family Group Conferencing: The Myth of Indigenous Empowerment in New Zealand’ (1999) 4(1) Justice as Healing 1.

Bartels , above n 9, 2.

Ibid 7.

ATSISJC, above n 8, 141–142.

Stubbs Julie , ‘Indigenous Women in Australian Criminal Justice: Over-represented but Rarely Acknowledged’ (2011) 15(1) Australian Indigenous Law Review 47, 57.

See: NSW Sentencing Council, Abolishing Prison Sentences of 6 Months or Less (2004).