X7 v Australian Crime Commission (‘X7’) (2013) 248 CLR92.
2.
International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (‘ICCPR’) Art 14(1); Charter of Human Rights and Responsibilities Act2006 (Vic) (‘CHRR Vic’) s 8(1); Human Rights Act2004 (ACT) (‘HR Act’) s 8(1).
3.
ICCPR Art 14(1); CHRR (Vic) s 24; HR Act s 21 (1).
4.
ICCPR Art 14(2); CHRR (Vic) s 25(1); HR Act s 22(1).
5.
ICCPR Art 14(3)(a); CHRR (Vic) s 25(2) (a);HR Act s 22(2)(a).
6.
ICCPR Art 14(3)(b); CHRR (Vic) s 25(2) (b);HR Act s 22(2)(b).
7.
ICCPR Art 14(3)(c); CHRR (Vic) s 25(2) (c); HR Act s 22(2)(c).
8.
ICCPR Art 14(3)(d); CHRR (Vic) s 25(2) (d),(e) and (f); HR Act s 22(2)(d), (e) and (f).
9.
ICCPR Art 14(3)(e); CHRR (Vic) s 25(2) (g) and (h); HR Act s 22(2)(g).
10.
ICCPR Art 14(3)(f); CHRR (Vic) s 25(2)(i); HR Act s 22(2)(h).
11.
ICCPR Art 14(3)(g); CHRR (Vic) s 25(2)(k); HR Act s 22(2)(i).
12.
ICCPR Art 14(5); CHRR (Vic) s 25(4); HR Act s 22(4).
13.
For example: International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (‘ICCPR’) Art 4(1); this right appears with similar effect in European Convention on Human Rights (‘ECHR’) Art 14; New Zealand Bill of Rights Act 1990 (‘NZBR’) s 19(1); Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms (‘CCRF’) Art 15(1).
14.
To be incorporated into domestic law, the treaty must be given legislative effect; Victoria v The Commonwealth (Industrial Relations Act Case) (1996) 187 CLR 416 at 480–482.
15.
CHRR (Vic) s 32; HR Act s 30.
16.
Momcilovic v The Queen (2011) 245 CLR (‘Momcilovic’) at 90 [159] (Gummow J).
17.
Bannon v The Queen (1995) 185 CLR 1 at 15 (DeaneJ).
18.
X7 at [47] (FrenchCJCrennanJ); [102] (HayneBellJJ). KiefelJ Note agreed with HayneBellJJ, at [157].
19.
(1980) 66 ALJR 5 at 7
20.
Momcilovic at [44] (FrenchCJ).
21.
X7 at [102] (HayneBellJJ).
22.
X7 at [105], [106]–[109] (HayneBellJJ).
23.
X7 at [119] (HayneBellJJ).
24.
X7 at [101] (HayneBellJJ).
25.
Ibid.
26.
X7 at [110] (HayneBellJJ).
27.
X7 at [124]–[125] (HayneBellJJ).
28.
Evidence Act1995 (Cth) s 17(2); X7 at [116] (HayneBellJJ).
29.
Evidence Act1995 (Cth) s 20(2); X7 at [116] (HayneBellJJ).
30.
X7 at [101] (HayneBellJJ).
31.
Hamilton v Oades (1989) 166 CLR 486
32.
X7 at [124]–[125] (HayneBellJJ), However, see discussion of Lee below.
33.
X7 at [40] (FrenchCJCrennanJ).
34.
X7 at [41] (FrenchCJCrennanJ).
35.
Re Major Crime Act (2009) 24 VR 415 at [41] to [49].
36.
X7 at [42] (FrenchCJCrennanJ).
37.
See discussion of constitutional protections of human rights in, GleesonMurray, ‘Legality – Spirit and Principle – The Second Magna Carta Lecture’ (Speech delivered at NSW Parliament House, Sydney, 20 November 2003) footnotes 30 to 36.
38.
Kable v Director of Public Prosecution (1996) 189 CLR 51; North Australia Legal Aid v Bradley (2004) 218 CLR 146 (‘Bradley’) at 163 [28] to [30] (McHughGummowKirbyHayneCallinanHeydonJJ.)
39.
Bradley at 163 [30] (McHughGummowKirbyHayneCallinanHeydonJJ.
40.
Chu Kheng Lim v Minister for Immigration (1992) 176 CLR 1 (‘LimChu Kheng’) at 27 (BrennanDeaneDawsonJJ).
41.
Forge v Australian Securities and Investments Commission (2006) 228 CLR 45 at 76 [45]. In the federal courts context see LimChu Kheng at 27 (BrennanDeaneDawsonJJ).
42.
Leeth v Commonwealth (1992) 174 CLR 455 at 470 (MasonCJDawsonMcHughJJ); International Finance Trust Company Ltd v New South Wales Crime Commission (2009) 240 CLR 319 (‘IFTC’) at [54]–[56] (FrenchCJ).
43.
Hammond v The Commonwealth (1982) 152 CLR 188 (‘Hammond’) at 196 (GibbsCJ), at 199 (MasonJ), 199 (MurphyJ).
44.
Jago v District Court (NSW) (1989) 168 CLR 23 at 29 (MasonCJ), 56 (DeaneJ), 72 (TooheyJ), 75 (GaudronJ).
45.
Parliament's ability to effectively remove these powers may have been impinged by the recent approaches to statutory interpretation. Thomas v Mowbray (2007) 233 CLR 307 at [55] (GummowCrennanJJ); IFTC at [79] (GummowBellJJ), [127] (HayneCrennanKiefelJJ).
46.
Victoria v Australian Building Construction Employees' and Builders Labourers' Federation (1982) 152 CLR 25 at 164 (BrennanJ).
47.
Hammond at 196 (GibbsCJ), see agreement at 199 (MasonJ), 199 (MurphyJ).
48.
Dietrich v The Queen (1992) 177 CLR 292.
49.
Momcilovic at [381] (HeydonJ).
50.
Australian Education Union v Fair Work Australia (2012) 246 CLR 117 at 314–5 [30] (FrenchCJCrennanKiefelJJ) and Australian Crime Commission v Stoddart (2011) 244 CLR 554 at [182] (CrennanKiefelBellJJ).
51.
Momcilovic at [43] (FrenchCJ).
52.
Lodhi v The Queen (2006) 199 FLR 303 at [31] to [34].
53.
Australian Education Union v Fair Work Australia (2012) 246 CLR 117 at 314–5 [30] (FrenchCJCrennanKiefelJJ).
54.
Gleeson, above n 37.
55.
Momcilovic at [45] (FrenchCJ).
56.
(2013) 248 CLR 459.
57.
Australian Crime Commission Act2002 s 25A(9), set out in X7 at [11] (FrenchCJCrennanJ).
58.
Director of Public Prosecutions v Keating [2013] HCA 20 (‘Keating’) at [47] (The Court).
59.
Keating at [48]–[49] (The Court).
60.
Keating at [49] (The Court).
61.
Keating at [41] (The Court).
62.
Keating at [48] (The Court).
63.
Lee v New South Wales Crime Commission (2013) 251 CLR 196 (‘Lee’).
64.
Lee at [55]–[56] (FrenchCJ); [144] (CrennanJ); [331]–[333] (GagelerKeaneJJ).
65.
Lee at [313] (GagelerKeaneJJ).
66.
Lee at [49] (FrenchCJ); [151] (CrennanJ); [335] and [340] (GagelerKeaneJJ).
67.
Momcilovic at [45] (FrenchCJ).
68.
New South Wales, Parliamentary Debates, House of Assembly, 13 March 2013, 85 (Greg Smith, Attorney-General and Minister for Justice).
