Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees, opened for signature 28 July 1951, 189 UNTS 137 (entered into force 22 April 1954) (‘the Convention’) as amended by the Protocol Relating to the Status of Refugees, adopted 31 January 1967, 606 UNTS 267 (entered into force 4 October 1967); International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, opened for signature 19 December 1966, UNTS 999 (entered into force 23 March 1976), art 7.
6.
Migration Legislation Amendment (Regional Processing and Other Measures) Act 2012 (Cth) sch 1.
Universal Declaration of Human Rights, GA Res 217A (III), UN GAOR, 3rd sess, 183rd plen mtg, UN Doc A/810 (10 December 1948).
9.
UNHCR, Handbook on Procedures and Criteria for Determining Refugee Status under the 1951 Convention and the 1967 Protocol Relating to the Status of Refugees, January 1992 <http://www.unhcr.org/3d58e13b4.pdf>.
10.
Chan Yee Kin v Minister for Immigration and Ethnic Affairs [1989] HCA 62[12] (MasonCJ).
11.
UNHCR, above n 9, [51]–[53].
12.
Migration Act 1958 (Cth) ss 91R 2(b) (c)(e).
13.
See, eg, HathawayJames C, The Rights of Refugees under International Law (Cambridge University Press, 2005) ch 3.1.
14.
The Convention, art 42(1).
15.
See, eg, HathawayJames C, ‘Why Refugee Law Still Matters’ (2007) 8(1) Melbourne Journal of International Law89, 91.
16.
Ibid.
17.
LauterpachtElihuSirBethlehemDaniel, The Scope and Content of the Principle of Non-refoulement: Opinion' in FellerErikaTürkVolkerNicholsonFrances (eds), Refugee Protection in International Law: UNHCR's Global Consultations on International Protection (Cambridge University Press, 2003) 87, 122.
18.
See, eg, Hathaway, above n 13, 301.
19.
NAGV and NAGW of 2002 v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs [2005] HCA 6; (2005) 222 CLR 161 at 171 [21].
20.
UNHCR, Advisory Opinion on the Extraterritorial Application of Non-Refoulement Obligations under the 1951 Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees and its 1967 Protocol [30] <http://www.unhcr.org/4d9486929.pdf>.
21.
The prohibition on refoulement is also implied in the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, opened for signature 19 December 1966, UNTS 999 (entered into force 23 March 1976), art 7.
22.
See, eg, KneeboneSusan, The Pacific Plan: The Provision of ‘Effective Protection’?' (2006) 18(3) International Journal of Refugee Law696, 714.
23.
Hathaway, above n 13, 318.
24.
Plaintiff M70 of 2011 v Minister for Immigration and Citizenship; Plaintiff M106 of 2011 v Minister for Immigration and Citizenship [2011] HCA 32 (31 August 2011).
25.
See, eg, FrancisAngusCatonSoniaAccess to Protection for “Offshore Entry Persons” aka Asylum Seekers' (2011) 36(3) Alternative Law Journal172, 173.
26.
Plaintiff M61/2010 v Commonwealth of Australia; Plaintiff M69/2010 v Commonwealth of Australia [2010] HCA 41 (11 November 2010) [34] (FrenchCJGummowHayneHeydonCrennanKiefelBellJJ).
27.
The Explanatory Memorandum to the Migration Legislation Amendment (Offshore Processing and Other Measures) Bill 2011 states the purpose of the proposed amendments is to respond to the decision in Plaintiff M70/2011 in a manner that gives the government ‘sufficient power to implement offshore processing arrangements’ and ‘determine the border protection policy that it believes is in the national interest’.
28.
Migration Act 1958 (Cth) s 198AB(2).
29.
Migration Act 1958 (Cth) s 198AB(3).
30.
Migration Act 1958 (Cth) s 198AB(4).
31.
Commonwealth of Australia, ‘Instrument of Designation of the Republic of Nauru as a Regional Processing Country under Subsection 198AB(1) of the Migration Act 1958’(10 September 2012) [36].
32.
Migration Act 1958 (Cth) s 98AB(1B).
33.
Liberal Party of Australia, above n 2.
34.
Ibid5.
35.
See, eg, UNHCR, ‘UNHCR Submission to the Expert Panel on Asylum-Seekers’ 27 July 2012, 6–7.
36.
The Convention, art 31(1).
37.
UNHCR, above n 4, 2.
38.
Ibid.
39.
See, UNHCR, ‘Protection Policy Paper - Maritime Interception Operations and the Processing of International Protection Claims’ (November 2010) 2–7 <http://www.refworld.org/docid/4cd12d3a2.html>.
40.
Australian Government, Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, 'Memorandum of Understanding Between the Republic of Nauru and the Commonwealth of Australia, Relating to the Transfer to and Assessment of Persons in Nauru, and Related Issues, signed 3 August 2013, clause 15, preamble.
41.
Letter from the UNHCR to the Hon Chris Bowen MP, 9 October 2012, 2–3.
42.
PNG has made the following reservations to the application of the Convention: Arts 17(1), 21, 22(1), 26, 31, 32 and 34.
43.
UNHCR, above n 39, 3.
44.
EdwardsAdrian, ‘UNHCR Seeking Details on Reports of Boats Forced Back from Australia’ (Briefing Notes, 10 January 2014) 1 <http://www.unhcr.org/52cfe2a0fcf.html>.
See, eg, HowieEmily (ed), Can't Flee, Can't Stay – Australia's Interception and return of Sri Lankan Asylum Seekers (Human Rights Law Centre, 2014) 54–55.
