Stubbing Out Smoking in Prisons

Symptoms can include ‘irritability and anxiety, difficulty concentrating, restlessness, problems falling asleep, craving tobacco, dizziness, coughing and appetite changes’: Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (‘AIHW’), Smoking and Quitting Smoking Among Prisoners in Australia, Bulletin 119 (2013) 6.

AIHW, The Health of Australia's Prisoners 2012 (2013) 84–86.

Ibid 88.

These figures are not available at the national level, so NSW used as example: Indig Devon , 2009 NSW Inmate Health Survey: Aboriginal Health Report (Justice Health/NSW Health, 2010) 34.

Belcher Josephine , ‘Smoking and its Correlates in an Australian Prisoner Population’ (2006) 25(4) Drug and Alcohol Review 343, 343.

Butler Tony , ‘Mental Disorders in Australian Prisoners’ (2006) 40 ANZ Journal of Psychiatry 272.

AIHW, above n 2, 74.

Australian Bureau of Statistics (‘ABS’), Corrective Services, Australia, March 2013 (13 June 2013), 6.

ABS, Year Book Australia 2012 (24 May 2012).

Ritter Catherine , 'Smoking in Prisons (2011) 32(1) Journal of Public Health Policy 32, 38; Richmond Robyn , ‘Tobacco in Prisons’ (2009) 18 Tobacco Control 176, 176.

AIHW, above n 2, 20.

Narkauskaite Laura , ‘Prevalence of Psychoactive Substances Use in a Lithuanian Women's Prison Revisited After 5 Years’ (2010) 16(11) Medical Science Monitor 91 cited in Ritter , above n 10, 38.

Richmond , above n 10, 177–78; AIHW, above n 1, 5. Smoking has been found to relieve the symptoms of anxiety and depression: Lawrence David , ‘Smoking, Mental Illness and Socioeconomic Disadvantage’ (2013) 13 BMC Public Health 462, 473.

Richmond , above n 10, 177.

Office of the Inspector of Custodial Services, Issues Paper. Smoking in Prison (WA, 2008) 3; AIHW, above n 1, 4.

Richmond , above n 10, 177.

Ibid 177–8.

Belcher , above n 5, 345.

AIHW, above n 2, 91.

Belcher , above n 5, 345–7.

Richmond , above n 10, 178–9.

AIHW, above n 1, 2.

Ritter , above n 10, 35.

Carpenter Matthew , ‘Smoking in Correctional Facilities: A Survey of Employees’ (2001) 10 Tobacco Control 38.

Belcher , above n 5, 345; Butler , ‘Should Smoking be Banned in Prisons?’ (2007) 16 Tobacco Control 291, 291.

Florea v Romania [2010] ECHR 37186/03; Elefteriadis v Romania [2011] ECHR 38427/05.

Helling v McKinney 113 S Ct 2475, 2480–82 (1993) and Alvarado v Litscher 267 F.3d 648 (2001).

Butler , above n 25, 291.

Fitzgerald Lauren , ‘No More Excuses: Smoking Ban Enforced in NT Prisons’, ABC News (Australia) 1 July 2013; Ralston Nick , ‘NSW Prisoners to be Banned from Smoking’, The Sydney Morning Herald (Sydney) 30 September 2013.

Kelton Greg , ‘Smoking to be Banned in South Australian Jails’, The Advertiser (Adelaide) 31 May 2011; Napthine Denis , ‘Victorian Prisons to go Smoke Free’ (Media Release, 14 November 2013); McKim Nick , ‘Prison to be Smoke-Free by 2015’ (Media Release, 3 June 2013).

Collinson , ‘New Zealand's Smokefree Prison Policy Appears to be Working Well: One Year On’ (2012) 125(1357) The New Zealand Medical Journal 164, 164.

‘Quebec to Implement Full Smoking Ban in Prisons Next Year’, CBC News (Montreal) 20 April 2013.

Martin , ‘Health Effects of the Federal Bureau of Prisons Tobacco Ban’ (2012) 12 BMC Pulmonary Medicine 64, 65.

Kauffman , ‘Tobacco Policy in American Prisons, 2007’ (2008) 17 Tobacco Control 357, 357 (based on a survey of correctional departments).

‘Move to Ban Smoking in Prisons’, The Guardian (UK) 20 September 2013.

Barnsley Kathy , ‘Prison Smoking Bans Deter Crime’, Tasmanian Times (Tasmania) 30 August 2010.

International law position found in Principle 5 of the United Nations, Basic Principles for the Treatment of Prisoners (1990). Australian legal position, see Naylor Bronwyn , ‘Protecting the Human Rights of Prisoners in Australia’ in Gerber Paula Castan Melissa (eds), Contemporary Perspectives on Human Rights Law in Australia (Lawbook, 2013) 395–6.

See the Scottish case of CM, Re Judicial Review [2013] ScotCS CSOH_143 (27 August 2013) and the NZ case of CIV-2013-404-000351 [2013] NZHC 1702 (8 July 2013). These cases were brought in relation to bans in mental health institutions.

For example, section 7(2) of the Charter of Human Rights and Responsibilities Act 2006 (Vic).

Pursuant to corrections legislation, see Naylor, above n 37, 398.

Ritter , above n 10, 38.

CM, Re Judicial Review [2013] ScotCS CSOH_143 (27 August 2013) [52].

Richmond , above n 10, 179.

Collinson , above n 31, 165.

Kauffman , above n 34, 357.

Belcher , above n 5, 347 and AIHW, above n 1, 19.

Cropsey Karen Kristeller Jean ‘The Effects of a Smoking Ban on Smoking Behavior and Withdrawal Symptoms’ (2005) 30 Addictive Behaviors 589.

Lasnier Benoit , ‘Implementing an Indoor Smoking Ban in Prison’ (2011) Canadian Journal of Public Health 249, 250–1.

Lankenau Stephen , ‘Smoke ‘Em if you Got’ Em: Cigarette Black Markets in US Prisons and Jails’ (2001) 81(2) The Prison Journal 142, 158.

Collinson , above n 31, 166.

Richmond , above n 10, 177; Belcher , above n 5, 345.

Lankenau , above n 49, 159; Kauffman , above n 34, 357.

Gautam Jeny , ‘Smoke-free Prisons in New Zealand’ (2011) 124(1338) The New Zealand Medical Journal 100, 104; Collison , above n 1, 165.

Collinson , above n 31, 166.

Thornley Simon , ‘Indoor Air Pollution Levels Were Halved as a Result of a National Tobacco Ban in a New Zealand Prison’ (2013) 15(2) Nicotine & Tobacco Research 343.

Collins Judith (Corrections Minister), ‘Corrections Hailed for Smoking Ban Success’ (Media Release, 17 August 2011).

SA and Tasmania. Steering Committee for the Review of Government Service Provision, Report on Government Services 2013 (2013) Volume 1, Table C9.

Belcher , above n 5, 347; Kauffman , above n 34, 360; Richmond , above n 10, 181.

Belcher , above n 5, 347.

Richmond , above n 10, 181.

Richmond , above n 10, 176; Lawrence , above n 13, 15.

Ritter , above n 10, 38.