MendesPhilipJohnsonGuyMoslehuddinBadal, Young People Leaving State Out-of-Home Care: Australian Policy and Practice (Australian Scholarly Publishing, 2011).
2.
Ibid; OsbornAlexandraBromfieldLeah, Outcomes for Children and Young People in Care (National Child Protection Clearinghouse, 2007); SteinMike, ‘Research Review: Young People Leaving Care’ (2006) 11(3) Child & Family Social Work273; CourtneyMarkDworskyAmy, Midwest Evaluation of the Adult Functioning of Former Foster Youth: Outcomes at Age 19 (University of Chicago, 2005).
3.
Department of Families, Housing Community Services and Indigenous Affairs, Transitioning from Out of Home Care to Independence (2010).
4.
CashmoreJudy, ‘The Link Between Child Maltreatment and Adolescent Offending’ (2011) Family Matters89, 31.
5.
MurphyPeter, A Strategic Review of the New South Wales Juvenile Justice System (Noetic Solutions, 2010); New South Wales, Report of the Special Commission of Inquiry into Child Protection Services in NSW -Volume 1 (2008).
6.
Victoria, The Youth Parole Board and Youth Residential Board Annual Report 2010-11 (2011); Victoria, The Youth Parole Board and Youth Residential Board Annual Report 2011-12 (2012).
7.
CusickGretchen RCourtneyMark E, Offending during Late Adolescence: How do Youth Aging Out of Care Compare with Their Peers? (Chapin Hall Centre for Children, 2007); DarkerIainWardHarrietCaulfieldLaura, An Analysis of Offending by Young People Looked After by Local Authorities' (2008) 8(2) Youth Justice134; PackardThomas, A Cost-Benefit Analysis of Transitional Services for Emancipating Youth' (2008) Children and Youth Services Review30, 1267.
8.
CulhaneDennis P, Young Adult Outcomes of Youth Exiting Dependent or Delinquent Care in Los Angeles County (Conrad N Hilton Foundation, 2011); KalbGuyonneWilliamsJenny, The Relationship Between Juvenile and Adult Crime (Melbourne Institute of Applied Economic and Social Research, 2002).
9.
HirschiTravisGottfredsonMichael, ‘Age and the Explanation of Crime’ (1983) 89(3) American Journal of Sociology552.
10.
Jonson-ReidMelissaBarthRichard P, ‘From Placement to Prison: The Path to Adolescent Incarceration from Child Welfare Supervised Foster or Group Care’ (2000) 22(7) Children and Youth Services Review493; RyanJoseph PTestaMark F, ‘Child Maltreatment and Juvenile Delinquency: Investigating the Role of Placement and Placement Instability’ (2005) 27(3) Children and Youth Services Review227; StewartAnnaDennisonSusanWatersonElissa, ‘Pathways from Child Maltreatment to Juvenile Offending’ (2002) Trends & Issues in Crime and Criminal Justice241, 1.
11.
StewartDennisonWaterson, above n 10.
12.
Ibid.
13.
RyanTesta, above n 10.
14.
StewartDennisonWaterson, above n 10, 5.
15.
See, eg, CusickCourtney, above n 7; Darker, above n 7; RyanTesta, above n 10; Stewart, above n 10.
16.
FarringtonDavid P, ‘Age and Crime’ in TonryMichaelMorrisNorval (eds), Crime and Justice: An Annual Review of Research (University of Chicago Press, 1986) 189; Cusick, above n 7.
17.
Jonson-ReidBarth, above n 10; RyanTesta, above n 10; StewartDennisonWaterson, above n 10; SmithCarolyn AIrelandTimothy OThornberryTerence P, ‘Adolescent Maltreatment and its Impact on Young Adult Antisocial Behavior’ (2005) 29(10) Child Abuse and Neglect1099.
18.
RyanJoseph P, ‘Juvenile Delinquency in Child Welfare: Investigating Group Home Effects’ (2008) 30Children and Youth Services Review1088; Stewart, Dennison and Waterson, above n 10.
19.
CusickGretchen, Crime During Transition to Adulthood: How Youth Fare as They Leave Out-of-Home Care (National Institute of Justice, 2010); TaylorClare, Young People in Care and Criminal Behaviour (Jessica Kingsley Publishers, 2006); RyanTesta, above n 10.
20.
Taylor, above n 19; Ryan, above n 18; SchofieldGillian, Looked after Children and Offending: Reducing Risk and Promoting Resilience (University of East Anglia, 2012).
21.
Ryan, above n 18.
22.
HerzDenise CKrinskyMiriamRyanJoseph P, Improving System Responses to Cross-Over Youth: The Role of Research and Practice Partnerships' (2006) 5(1) The Link1; McFarlaneKatherine, ‘From Care to Custody: Young Women in Out-of-Home Care in the Criminal Justice System’ (2010) 22(2) Current Issues in Criminal Justice345.
23.
KrinskyMiriam, ‘Disrupting the Pathway from Foster Care to the Justice System - A Former Prosecutor's Perspectives on Reform’ (2010) 48(2) Family Court Review322; Taylor, above n 19; Schofield, above n 20.
24.
Cashmore, above n 4; Taylor, above n 19.
25.
See, eg, KerigPatricia KBeckerStephen P, ‘From Internalizing to Externalizing: Theoretical Models of the Processes Linking PTSD to Juvenile Delinquency’ in EganSylvia J, (ed), Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: Causes, Symptoms and Treatment (Noval Science Publishers, 2010), 1.
26.
Child Safety Commissioner, From Isolation to Connection: A Guide to Understanding and Working with Traumatised Children and Young People (State Government of Victoria, 2009).
27.
SteeleWilliamMalchiodiCathy, Trauma-Informed Practices with Children and Adolescents (Routledge, 2012) 16.
28.
GonzalezRudyCameronCarlyKlendoLuci, ‘The Therapeutic Family Model of Care: An Attachment and Trauma Informed Approach to Transitional Planning’ (2012) 32Developing Practice: The Child, Youth and Family Work Journal13.
29.
Mendes, above n 1; Stein, above n 2.
30.
GonzalezCameronKlendo, above n 28, 21.
31.
Department of Families, Housing, Community Services and Indigenous Affairs, Supporting Young People Transitioning from Out-of-Home Care to Independence in Australia: Good Practice in 2011/12 (2012).
32.
PetersClark M, Extending Foster Care to Age 21: Weighing the Costs to Government Against Benefits to Youth (Chapin Hall Centre for Children, 2009).
33.
MunroEmily, Evaluation of the Staying Put: 18 Plus Family Placement Programme: Final report (Centre for Child and Family Research, Loughborough University, 2012).
