By the Police Regulation Act 1862 (NSW), replacing the ‘piecemeal jumble of Metropolitan, Water, Native, Rural, Gold Escort and Mounted Patrol police with a unified force …’ see WalkerRobin, ‘The New South Wales Police Force, 1862–1900’ (1984) 8(15) Journal of Australian Studies25.
2.
Police Service Act 1990 (as enacted) s 4. A change which ‘aspired to a different conception of policing to that which had prevailed thirty years before’, see FinnaneMark, ‘From Police Force to Police Service?’ in DixonDavid (ed), A Culture of Corruption: Changing an Australian Police Service (Hawkins Press, 1999) 27–8. See also comments of then Attorney General, the Hon John Dowd at NSW, Parliamentary Debates, Legislative Assembly, 15 May 1990, 3356
3.
Police Service Amendment (NSW Police) Act 2002 (NSW).
4.
Police Amendment (Miscellaneous) Act 2006 (NSW).
5.
See AveryJohn, Police - Force Or Service? (Butterworths, 1981).
6.
Racial Discrimination Act 1975 (Cth).
7.
Sex Discrimination Act 1984 (NSW).
8.
Disability Discrimination Act 1992 (NSW).
9.
Age Discrimination Act 2004 (Cth).
10.
For example, s 19 of the NSW Act says ‘on the ground of race’.
11.
See, eg, Age Discrimination Act 2004 (Cth) s 28.
12.
Equal Opportunity Act 2010 (Vic) s 44.
13.
Anti-Discrimination Act 1991 (Qld) s 46.
14.
GazeBeth, ‘Has the Racial Discrimination Act Contributed to Eliminating Racial Discrimination? Analysing the Litigation Track Record 2000–2004’ (2005) 11(1) Australian Journal of Human Rights6.
15.
Paramasivam v State of New South Wales (No. 3) [2008] FMCA647; Nicholson v State of Victoria [2005] FMCA258; Maghiar v Western Australia [2002] FCA262.
16.
Haile-Michael v Konstantinidis [2012] FCA108.
17.
See, eg, Age Discrimination Act 2004 (Cth) s 5.
18.
Equal Opportunity Act 2010 (Vic) s 4.
19.
Anti-Discrimination Act 1991 (Qld) s 4.
20.
(1997) 191CLR1.
21.
Ibid16–17.
22.
Rainsford v Victoria (2007) 167FCR1 [72] (SundbergJ).
23.
[2001] NSWSC745.
24.
Commissioner of Police v Estate of Russell (2002) 55NSWLR232 [5].
25.
Police Service Act 1990 (NSW) s 6(2)(a).
26.
Ibid s 6(3).
27.
[2001] NSWSC745 [44].
28.
(2002) 55NSWLR232.
29.
(2009) 262ALR519.
30.
Ibid [13].
31.
Ibid [2], [14].
32.
Ibid [49].
33.
[2012] FCA770.
34.
Ibid [163]–[182].
35.
Richards v Commissioner of Police [2010] WASAT115.
36.
Ibid [69].
37.
Lambe v Anti-Discrimination Commission and Commissioner of Police [2001] NTMC54.
38.
Ibid [52].
39.
WalshTamaraTaylorMonica, ‘“You're Not Welcome Here”: Police Move-on Powers and Discrimination Law’ (2007) 30(1) UNSW Law Journal151, 165.
40.
[2001] NSWSC745 [43].
41.
Ibid [44].
42.
[2011] NSWADT42 [14].
43.
(2009) 262ALR519 [45].
44.
(2009) 262ALR519 [36].
45.
GazeBeth, ‘Context and Interpretation in Anti-discrimination Law’ (2002) 26Melbourne University Law Review325, 353.
46.
Ibid337.
47.
[2012] FCA770 [148].
48.
Ibid [168].
49.
Gaze, above n 45, 327.
50.
[2012] FCA770 [180].
51.
Bail Act 1978 (NSW) s 36(1).
52.
Ibid s 37.
53.
See, eg, Lawson v Dunlevy [2012] NSWSC48.
54.
NSW Law Reform Commission, Bail (2012, Report No 133).
55.
Ibid [0.52].
56.
Ibid [12.27].
57.
HopkinsTamar, ‘When Police Complaint Mechanisms Fail: The Use of Civil Litigation’ (2011) 36(2) Alternative Law Journal99, 103.
58.
ChanJanet, ‘Changing Police Culture’ (1996) 36(1) British Journal of Criminology109, 118.
59.
RansleyJanet, Jessica Anderson & Tim Prenzler, ‘Civil Litigation against Police in Australia: Exploring Its Extent, Nature and Implications for Accountability’ (2007) 40ANZ Journal of Criminology143, 153.
