Cyber Bullying in Australian Schools

Cox v State of New South Wales [2007] NSWSC 471, 105–114.

Morrison Brenda , Bullying and Victimisation in Schools: A Restorative Justice Approach (February 2002) AIC Trends and Issues No 219.

Wills Taryn , ‘Cyber-Crime: The Net Is Closing In’ (2010) 32(6) Law Society Bulletin 26.

Price Megan Dalgleish John , ‘Cyberbullying experiences, impacts and coping strategies as described by Australian young people’ (2010) 29(2) Youth Studies Australia 51, 54.

Edith Cowan University, Australian Covert Bullying Prevalence Study (May 2009) Department of Education, Employment and Workplace Relations <http://deewr.gov.au/bullying-research-projects#australiancovert-bullying-prevalence>, 12.

Campbell Marilyn , One in two young people bullied (9 March 2012) QUT <http://www.news.qut.edu.au/cgi-bin/WebObjects/News.woa/wa/goNewsPage?newsEventID=40495>.

Juvonen Jaana Gross Elisheva , ‘Extending the School Grounds? Bullying Experiences in Cyberspace’ (2008) 78(9) Journal of School Health 496.

Ibid.

Ibid.

Negligence is a failure to take reasonable care to avoid loss or harm to another person.

Donoghue v Stevenson [1932] AC 562.

National Centre against Bullying, Submission No 30 to General Purpose Standing Committee No 2, Inquiry into bullying and young people, 18 March 2009

Butler Desmond , ‘Liability for Bullying at Schools in Australia: Lessons Still to be Learnt’ (2006) 7(4) Education Law Journal 248.

Ramsay v Larsen (1964) 111 CLR 16, 25–26; New South Wales v Lepore (2003) 212 CLR 511, 563.

See, eg, the NSW Inquiry at 7.45–7.51, and 7.71.

Commonwealth v Introvigne (1982) 150 CLR 258; note that in New South Wales v Lepore; Samin v Queensland; Rich v Queensland (2003) 212 CLR 511, the High Court was not willing to extend the principle of non-delegable duty of care to the criminal conduct of teachers (such as sexual abuse of pupils by teachers).

Geyer v Downs (1977) 138 CLR 91.

Richards v State of Victoria [1969] VR 136, 143.

New South Wales v Lepore (2003) 212 CLR 511; Samin v Queensland; Rich v Queensland (2003) 212 CLR 511, 25.

Oyston v St Patrick's College [2011] NSWSC 269.

Adams Sally , ‘Cyber-bullying: An Emerging Form of Student Aggression for the “Always-On” Generation’ (2007) 2 Australian Educational Leader 18.

Brown Karen , ‘Cyber-bullying: Developing a policy to direct responses that are equitable and effective in addressing this special form of bullying’ (2006) 57 Canadian Journal of Educational Administration and Policy; NSW Legislative Council, General Purpose Standing Committee No 2, Bullying of Children and Young People, Final Report, November 2009, at paragraphs 7.32–7.35, 7.79.

Shariff Shaheen , ‘Cyber-Dilemmas in the New Millennium: School Obligations to Provide Student Safety in a Virtual School Environment’ (2005) 40(3) McGill Journal of Education 461.

Geyer v Downs (1977) 138 CLR 91, 94.

Trustees of the Roman Catholic Church for the Diocese of Bathurst v Koffman (1996) Aust Torts Reports 81–399 cf Bradford-Smart v West Sussex County Council [2002] EWCA Civ 7, 35.

Trustees of the Roman Catholic Church for the Diocese of Bathurst v Koffman (1996) Aust Torts Reports 81–399.

Horne v State of Queensland and ors [1995] QSC 22.

Geyer v Downs (1977) 138 CLR 91, 94; Horne v State of Queensland and ors [1995] QSC 22.

Oyston v St Patrick's College [2011] NSWSC 269.

Richards v State of Victoria [1969] VR 136; Australian Capital Territory Schools Authority v El Sheik [2000] FCA 931.

Civil Law (Wrongs) Act 2002 (ACT), ss 42, 43; Civil Liability Act 2002 (NSW), s 5B; Civil Liability Act 2003 (Qld), s 9; Civil Liability Act 1936 (SA), ss 31, 32; Civil Liability Act 2002 (Tas), s 11; Wrongs Act 1958 (Vic), s 48; Civil Liability Act 2002 (WA), s 5B.

Civil Liability Act 2002 (NSW), s 50; Civil Liability Act 2003 (Qld), s 22; Civil Liability Act 1936 (SA), s 41; Civil Liability Act 2002 (Tas), s 22; Wrongs Act 1958 (Vic), s 59. Cf Civil Liability Act 2002 (WA), s 5PB, which only applies to medical professionals.

Australian Capital Territory Schools Authority v El Sheik [2000] FCA 931.

Trustees of the Roman Catholic Church for the Diocese of Canberra and Goulburn v Hadba [2005] HCA 31.

Tucker Breanna , ‘Too cool for a school’, Canberra Times (Online) 7 February 2012, <http://www.canberratimes.com.au/national/education/too-cool-for-a-school-20120207-1t8z6.html>.

Brady Nicole , ‘Quit Facebook or be expelled, school says’, The Age (online), 16 May 2012, <http://www.theage.com.au/technology/quit-facebook-or-be-expelled-school-says-20120516-1yqp0.html>.

Trustees of the Roman Catholic Church for the Diocese of Bathurst v Koffman (1996) Aust Torts Reports 81–399.

Oyston v St Patrick's College [2011] NSWSC 269.

Ibid 52.

Reid Philippa Monsen Jeremy Rivers Ian , ‘Psychology's contribution to understanding and managing bullying within schools’ (2004) 20(3) Educational Psychology in Practice 241.

Scott v Lothian Regional Council [1998] ScotCS 14.

Civil Law (Wrongs) Act 2002 (ACT), s 45; Civil Liability Act 2002 (NSW), s 5D; Civil Liability Act 2003 (Qld), s 11; Civil Liability Act 1936 (SA), s 34; Civil Liability Act 2002 (Tas), s 13; Wrongs Act 1958 (Vic), s 51; Civil Liability Act 2002 (WA), s 5C.

Civil Law (Wrongs) Act 2002 (ACT), s 45.

Shaw v Commonwealth (1992) 110 FLR 379.

Chadwick v British Railways Board [1967] 1 WLR 912, 922.

March v E & MH Stramare (1991) 171 CLR 506.

Cox v New South Wales (2007) NSWLR 225.

Tame v New South Wales (2001) 191 ALR 449, 192; Annetts v Australian Stations Pty Ltd [2002] HCA 35.

Oyston v St Patrick's College [2011] NSWSC 269. State and territory legislation requires a recognised psychiatric or psychological illness to be evidenced for there to be liability: Civil Liability Act 2002 (NSW), s 31; Civil Law (Wrongs) Act 2002 (ACT), s 35; Civil Liability Act 1936 (SA), s5 3; Civil Liability Act 2002 (Tas), s 33; Wrongs Act 1958 (Vic), ss 28LB, 28LE, 28LF; Civil Liability Act 2002 (WA), ss 5s, 5T.

Ibid; Cox v State of New South Wales (2007) NSWLR 225.

Tame v New South Wales (2002) 191 ALR 449.

Ibid 193; Annetts v Australian Stations Pty Ltd [2002] HCA 35.

Justin W. Patchin Hinduja Sameer , ‘Cyberbullying and Self-Esteem,’ (2010) Journal of School Health 30(12) 614–621.

Cox v State of New South Wales (2007) 71 NSWLR 225. Award of $1.5 million for school's failure to prevent bullying.

BoysTown , Submission No 28 to General Purpose Standing Committee No 2, Inquiry into bullying and young people, 18 March 2009, 11; Brown , above n 29.

See Easteal Patricia , Less Than Equal: Women and the Australian Legal System (Butterworths, 2001) 107.

Campbell Marilyn , ‘Cyber Bullying: An Old Problem in a New Guise?’ (2005) 15(1) Australian Journal of Guidance & Counselling 68–70 <http://eprints.qut.edu.au/1925/>.

Rout Milanda , ‘Garrett goes to the net to stamp out bullying’, The Australian (Online), 1 August 2012, <http://www.theaustralian.com.au/national-affairs/education/garrett-goes-to-the-net-to-stamp-out-bullying/story-fn59nlz9-1226439826909>.

Bullying . No Way, Facts about Bullying (2013) <http://www.bullyingnoway.gov.au/teachers/facts/types.html>.

Department for Education and Child Development (SA), Sample Cyber-safety Use Agreement for Secondary Years Students (April 2012) <http://www.decd.sa.gov.au/docs/documents/1/CybersafetyUserSecondaryY.doc>.