Slavery and Servitude within Intimate Relationships

Cooper Cameron , ‘An Inconvenient Truth’ (2012) UTS Tower Magazine 7, 36 citing Jennifer Burn, Director of Anti-Slavery Australia.

Slavery Convention, opened for signature 25 September 1926, 60 LNTS 254 (entered into force 9 March 1927) art 2.

Explanatory Memorandum, Crimes Legislation Amendment (Slavery, Slavery-like Conditions and People Trafficking) Bill 2012, 1.

Ibid.

New ILO Global Estimate of Forced Labour: 20.9 Million Victims (International Labour Organization, 1 June, 2012) <http://www.ilo.org/sapf/News/WCMS_182109/lang–en/index.htm>.

Ibid.

Women's Legal Centre (ACT & Region) Submission No 4, Women's Legal Services Victoria Submission No 26, Women's Legal Services NSW Submission No 31 and Women's Law Centre of WA Submission No 32 to Senate Legal and Constitutional Affairs Legislation Committee, Parliament of Australia, Inquiry into Crimes Legislation Amendment (Slavery, Slavery-like Conditions and People Trafficking) Bill 2012.

VicHealth , Preventing Violence Against Women in Australia: Research Summary (October 2011).

Braaf Rochelle , ‘Preventing domestic violence death – Is sexual assault a risk factor?’ (2011) Australian Domestic & Family Violence Clearinghouse Research and Practice Brief 1, 7.

Australian Law Reform Commission, Family Violence – A National Legal Response, Report No 114 (2010), 1113.

Criminal Code Act 1995 (Cth), sch, div 270.4, 270.6 Dictionary; Crimes Act 1900 (ACT) s 78, 79, Crimes Act 1900 (NSW) s 80B, 80D; Criminal Code Act 1983 (NT) sch 1, s 202A, 202B, Criminal Law Consolidation Act 1935 (SA) s 66; and Crimes Act 1958 (Vic) s 60AB.

Easteal Patricia , ‘Violence against Women in the Home: How Far Have We Come? How Far to Go?’ Family Matters (1994) 37, 86–93, citing Bowker Lee , ‘Marital Rape: A Distinct Syndrome?’ (1983) 64(6) Social Casework 347–52 and Easteal Patricia , ‘Survivors of Sexual Assault: A National Survey’, in Easteal , (ed), Without Consent: Confronting Adult Sexual Violence (AIC, 1993).

Council of Australian Governments, National Plan to Reduce Violence against Women and their Children (2010), 26.

Above n 7.

Braaf , above n 9, 4.

Hyde-Nolan Maren E and Juliao Tracy , ‘Theoretical Basis for Family Violence’ in Fife Rose S and Schrager Sarina , (eds), Family Violence: What Health Care Providers Need to Know ( Jones & Learning Bartlett , 2012) 5, 9 citing Bostock Deborah J , ‘Family Violence’ American Academy of Family Physicians Home Study Self-Assessment Program (Serial No 274), 2002.

Parkinson Debra , Raped by a Partner: A research report, (Women's Health Goulburn North East, 2008) 40.

Ibid 29.

Australian Law Reform Commission, above n 10, 196–7.

Family Violence Act 2004 (Tas), s 9.

Parkinson , above n 17, 41.

Ibid.

Ibid 40.

Braaf , above n 9, 4. Citing Campbell Jacquelyn and Alford Peggy , ‘The Dark Consequences of Marital Rape’, American Journal of Nursing (1989) 89(7) 946.

Parkinson , above n 17, 29.

Mitchell Liesl , ‘Domestic Violence in Australia – an Overview of the Issues’ (Background Note, Parliamentary Library, Parliament of Australia, 2011) 22.

Campbell Rosa , ‘General Intimate Partner Violence Statistics’ (2011) Australian Domestic & Family Violence Clearinghouse Fast Facts 1, 2.

Braaf , above n 9, 4, citing Campbell Jacquelyn C and Alford Peggy , ‘The Dark Consequences of Marital Rape’, American Journal of Nursing, (1989) 89(7) 946.

Easteal Patricia and Gani Miriam , ‘Sexual Assault by Male Partners: A Study of Sentencing Factors’, (2005) 9 Southern Cross University Law Review, 39, 58.

Senate Legal and Constitutional Affairs Legislation Committee, Parliament of Australia, Report on Crimes Legislation Amendment (Slavery, Slavery-like Conditions and People Trafficking) Bill 2012 (2012), vii.

Addendum to the Explanatory Memorandum for Crimes Legislation Amendment (Slavery, Slavery-like Conditions and People Trafficking) Bill 2012, Item 12.

Australian Law Reform Commission, Family Violence – A National Legal Response Summary Report No. 114 (2010), 30.