The Promise of Justice Reinvestment

See Tucker Susan & Cadora Eric , ‘Ideas for an Open Society: Justice Reinvestment’, 3(3) (2003, Open Society Institute). For a range of assessments of JR see American Society of Criminology ‘Special issue on Mass Incarceration’ (2011) 10(3) Criminology and Public Policy.

See example Durlauf Steven N and Nagin Daniel S , ‘Imprisonment and Crime: Can both be reduced?’ (2011) 10(1) Criminology and Public Policy 13–54; Pritikin Martin H , ‘Is Prison Increasing Crime?’ (2008) Wisconsin Law Review 1049–1108; Daoust C , ‘The Paradox in Incarceration and Crime’ (Justice Action, 2008); Vieraitis Lynne M. Kovandzic Tomislav and Marvell Thomas B. , ‘The Criminogenic Effects of Imprisonment: Evidence from State Panel Data, 1974–2002’ (2007) 6(3) Criminology and Public Policy; Brown David , ‘The Limited Benefit of Prison in Controlling Crime’ (2010) 22(1) Current Issues in Criminal Justice 141; Rose Dina R. and Clear Todd R. , ‘Incarceration, Social Capital and Crime: Implications for social disorganization theory’ (1998) 36(3) Criminology 441; Stemen Don , ‘Reconsidering Incarceration: New directions for reducing crime’ (Vera Institute of Justice, 2007).

See CSG Justice Center, ‘Justice Reinvestment: About the project’, www.justicereinvestment.org./about.

See CSG Justice Center, ‘The Strategy: How justice reinvestment works – Step 3: Quantify savings and reinvest in select high-stakes communities’ www.justicereinvestment.org/strategy/quantify.

Clear Todd R. , ‘A Private-Sector Incentives-based Model for Justice Reinvestment’, (2011) 10(3) Criminology and Public Policy, 606.

Lanning Tess Loader Ian and Muir Rick , Redesigning Justice: Reducing Crime through Justice Reinvestment (Institute for Public Policy Research, 2011) 4.

See, eg, Lacey Nicola , ‘The Prisoners' Dilemma’ (Cambridge University Press, 2008) 190–96; Loader Ian , ‘Fall of the “Platonic Guardians”: Liberalism, Criminology and Political Responses to Crime in England and Wales’ (2006) 46(4) British Journal of Criminology.

Steketee Mike , ‘Breaking the Prison Cycle’, The Australian (Sydney), 15 October 2011.

Tonry Michael , ‘The Costly Consequences of Populist Posturing: ASBOs, victims, ‘rebalancing’ and diminution in support for civil liberties’ (2010) 12(4) Punishment and Society 387; Bell Emma , ‘Criminal Justice and Neoliberalism’ (Palgrave Macmillan, 2011); Farrall Steven and Hay Colin , ‘Not So Tough on Crime?’ (2010) 50(3) British Journal of Criminology 550–69; Farrall Steven , ‘Rolling Back the State’ (2006) 34(4) International Journal of the Sociology of Law 256–277; Newburn Tim , ‘Tough on Crime’ (2007) 36 Crime and Justice 425–70.

On Australian law and order politics generally see: Hogg Russell and Brown David , Rethinking Law and Order (Pluto Press, 1998); Weatherburn Donald , Law and Order in Australia: Rhetoric and Reality (Federation Press, 2004).

Garland David (ed), Mass Imprisonment: Social causes and consequences (Sage, 2001) 5.

Clement Marshall Schwartzfeld Matthew and Thompson Michael , The National Summit on Justice Reinvestment and Public Safety (CSG, 2011) 2–3.

See Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Social Justice Commissioner, Social Justice Report 2009 (Aust Human Rights Commission) 18.

Clement , above n 12, 1.

See CSG Justice Center, ‘Connecticut: Overview’, www.justicereinvestment.org./states/connecticut.

UK House of Commons Justice Committee, Cutting Crime: The case for justice reinvestment (2010) 6.

Ibid para 338.

Travis Alan and Hirsch Afua , ‘Kenneth Clarke Pledges to Cut Daily Prison Population,’ The Guardian (UK) 20 October 2010.

UK Ministry of Justice Green Paper, Breaking the Cycle: Effective punishment, rehabilitation and sentencing of offenders (2010).

Ibid, para 11.

CSG Justice Center, above n 4, see Executive Summary, 2–3.

Solutions Noetic , A Strategic Review of the New South Wales Juvenile Justice System, Report for the Minister, April 2010.

Anthony Thalia , ‘MP's Resignation a Selfless Act’, The Age (Melbourne), 10 June 2010.

For a range of suggested criminal justice reforms to reduce imprisonment rates, see Crime and Justice Reform Committee factsheets, www.crimeandjustice.org.au, eg Stubbs Julie , ‘Bail for Children and Young People’ (2010), Brown David and Schwartz Melanie ‘Justice Reinvestment’ (2011).

See Brown David , ‘The Limited Benefit of Prison in Controlling Crime: On the threshold of a political shift’, in Maxwell Gabrielle (ed), The Costs of Crime: Towards Fiscal Responsibility (Institute of Policy Studies, 2011).

Muldrock v The Queen [2011] HCA 39 (5 October 2011).

Steketee , above n 8.

Commonwealth of Australia, Attorney-General's Dept, Government Response to the House of Representatives Standing Committee on Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Affairs Report: Doing Time – Time for Doing: Indigenous Youth in the Criminal Justice System (November 2011).

Willis Matthew , ‘Reintegration of Indigenous Prisoners: Key findings’ (2008) 364 Trends and Issues in Crime and Criminal Justice, Australian Institute of Criminology 2.

Weatherburn Don , ‘Prison Populations and Correctional Outlays: The effect of reducing re-imprisonment’ (2009) 138 Contemporary Issues in Crime and Justice, NSW Bureau of Crime Statistics and Research 1.

For more on the interaction between these factors and justice reinvestment, see Schwartz Melanie , ‘Building Communities, Not Prisons: Justice Reinvestment and Indigenous Over-Representation’ (2010) 14(1) Australian Indigenous Law Review 2–17.

NSW Ombudsman, Addressing Aboriginal Disadvantage: The need to do things differently (October 2011) 2.1, 2.2, 3.1.

Ibid 2.2.

See, eg, Tonry Michael , ‘Making Peace, Not a Desert: Penal reform should be about values not justice’ (2011) 10(3) Criminology and Public Policy, 637–649.

See, eg, Maruna Shadd , ‘Lessons for Justice Reinvestment from Restorative Justice and the Justice Model Experience’ (2011) 10(3) Criminology and Public Policy 661–669 at 662.

Clear , above n 5.

See, eg, Jones Craig Weatherburn Don and McFarlane Katherine ‘Public Confidence in the NSW Criminal Justice System’ (2008) 118 Crime and Justice Bulletin, NSW BoCSAR; See also Judicial Commission of NSW, ‘The Impact of the Standard Non-Parole Period Sentencing Scheme on Sentencing Patterns in NSW’ (May 2010) Research monograph 33.

On ‘popular’ or ‘new’ punitiveness more generally see: Pratt John , Penal Populism (Routledge, 2007); Pratt John , The New Punitiveness (Taylor & Francis, 2005).

Hogg Russell , ‘Punishment and “The People”: Rethinking penal populism’, forthcoming in Carrington Kerry (ed), Crime, Justice and Social Democracy (Palgrave Macmillan, 2012); see also Laclau Ernesto , On Populist Reason (Verso, 2007).