Juvenile Justice and Truancy Legislation

Abstract

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References

Roth

Lenny

, ‘Parental Responsibility Laws’ (Briefing Paper No 7, Parliament of NSW, 2006).

ALRC, Seen and Heard, Report No 84 (1997) 10.56; Kalvig

Kenneth

, ‘Oregon's New Parental Responsibility Acts’ (1996) 75 Oregon Law Review 829, 842.

Goldson

Barry

and Muncie

John

, ‘Rethinking Youth Justice’ (2006) 6 (2) Youth Justice 91; Muncie

John

, ‘The “Punitive Turn” in Juvenile Justice’ (2008) 8 (2) Youth Justice 107.

Garland

David

, Culture of Control (2002) 15.

Hutchinson

Terry

Parada

Gosia

and Smandych

Russell

, ‘Show Me a Bad Kid and I'll Show You a Lousy Parent’ (2008) 26(2) Australasian Canadian Studies 49, 64.

Garland , above n 4, 124.

Bessant

Judith

and Hil

Richard

, ‘Parenting on Trial: State wards' and governments' accountability in Australia’ (1998) 26 (2) Journal of Criminal Justice 145.

Richards

Kelly

, ‘Juveniles’ Contact with the Criminal Justice System in Australia' (Monitoring Report No 7, AIC, 2009) 29.

AIC, Crime and Justice Statistics: Juvenile Offenders <aic.gov.au/statistics/criminaljustice/juveniles.aspx> at 20 May 2011.

10.

Taylor

Natalie

, ‘Juveniles in Detention in Australia, 1981–2007’ (Monitoring Report No 5, AIC, 2009) 45.

11.

Richards , above n 8, 29.

12.

Ibid 41; Criminal Code (Qld) s 29.

13.

Ibid 41.

14.

Qld Education website is a good start: Department of Education and Training (‘DET’), Statistics and Information: Queensland State Schools (2009) <http://education.qld.gov.au/schools/statistics/> at 20 May 2011.

15.

DET, Queensland School and Student Count (2010) <http://education.qld.gov.au/schools/statistics/docs/eq-stud-count.pdf> at 20 May 2011.

16.

DET, Student Attendance Rates at Queensland Schools (2010) <http://education.qld.gov.au/schools/statistics/docs/stud-attend.pdf> at 20 May 2011.

17.

Odgers

Rosemary

, ‘School Absentee Levels Targeted’, The Courier Mail (Brisbane), 8 October 2008, 15.

18.

Stranger

Mark

, Student Absence from School and Juvenile Crime (2002) 5.

19.

Standing Committee on Employment, Education & Training, Parliament of Australia, Truancy and Exclusion from School: Report of the Inquiry (1996) 41 [4.75].

20.

Ibid 41, citing submissions to the SA Select Committee.

21.

Ibid 42 [4.77].

22.

Ibid [4.79].

23.

Ibid 43 [4.84].

24.

ALRC, above n 2, 10.52.

25.

Ibid.

26.

Drugs & Crime Prevention Committee, Parliament of Victoria, Inquiry Into Strategies to Prevent High Volume Offending and Recidivism by Young People (Final Report, 2009) iii.

27.

Ibid 139.

28.

Stranger above n 18, 117.

29.

Ibid 117.

30.

ALRC, above n 2, 10.56.

31.

For example, ‘Irresponsible parents will be held responsible for their children's actions’ in NT Department of Justice, Cracking down on youth crime <nt.gov.au/justice/youth_crime/index.shtml> at 20 May 2011.

32.

Dept of Communities, Review of the Juvenile Justice Act 1992: Issues Paper 2007 (2007) <communityservices.qld.gov.au/youth/youth-justice/documents/pdf/issues-paper.pdf> at 20 May 2011.

33.

Dept of Communities, Review of the Juvenile Justice Act 1992: Consultation Report (2008) <communityservices.qld.gov.au/youth/youth-justice/documents/pdf/jja-consultation-report.pdf> at 20 May 2011.

34.

Ibid 6.

35.

For example: DET, Policy: Student Absenteeism (2008) <det.nt.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0016/727/student_absenteeism.pdf> at 20 May 2011; Dept of Education, Attendance (2010) <education.tas.gov.au/dept/legislation/enrolment/attendance> at 20 May 2011; DECS, Attendance Policy (2009) <decs.sa.gov.au/docs/documents/1/AttendancePolicy.pdf> at 20 May 2011; DEECD, Student Engagement Policy Guidelines (2009) <education.vic.gov.au/healthwellbeing/> at 20 May 2011; DET, School Attendance Policy (2010) <det.nsw.edu.au/policies/index.shtml> at 20 May 2011.

36.

DET, Flowchart B and Flowchart C (2006) <http://education.qld.gov.au/strategic/eppr/students/smspr017/> at 20 May 2011.

37.

Bligh

Anna

, ‘Early results show groundbreaking Indigenous reforms are working’ (Ministerial Media Statement, Qld Govt, 2 July 2009) <http://statements.cabinet.qld.gov.au/MMS/StatementDisplaySingle.aspx?id=64916> at 20 May 2011.

38.

Youth Justice Act 1992 (Qld) s 259(12).

39.

Youth Justice Act 1992 (Qld) s 258(8).

40.

Youth Justice Act 1992 (Qld) s 258(9).

41.

Youth Justice Act 1992 (Qld) s 259(5).

42.

Youth Justice Act 1992 (Qld) s 259(7); Penalties and Sentences Act 1992 (Qld) s 5: One penalty unit equals $100.

43.

Youth Justice Act 1992 (Qld) s 259(9).

44.

Youth Justice Act 1992 (Qld) ss 260(2), (3).

45.

DET, Education and Training Reforms for the Future (2002), 12 <http://education.qld.gov.au/etrf/whitepaper/pdfs/whitepaper.pdf> at 20 May 2011.

46.

Ibid.

47.

Ibid 6.

48.

Education (General Provisions) Act 2006 (Qld) s 9.

49.

Education (General Provisions) Act 2006 (Qld) ch 9, 10.

50.

Education (General Provisions) Act 2006 (Qld) s 231(b).

51.

Education (General Provisions) Act 2006 (Qld) s 239.

52.

[2005] QDC 227 at 25. (Unreported, Wall DCJ, 21 July 2005).

53.

Ibid.

54.

Gordon

Tess

, ‘Australia: Queensland trials scheme to punish parents of truants,’ World Socialist Web Site, 16 February 2010. <wsws.org/articles/2010/feb2010/welff16.shtml> at 20 May 2011.

55.

Garland , above n 4, 124.

56.

Evidence to Community Affairs Legislation Committee: Estimates, Parliament of Australia, 24 February 2011, CA 159 (Moya Drayton, Centrelink).

57.

Chilcott

Tanya

, ‘Truancy parents set to be prosecuted,’ The Courier-Mail (Brisbane), 11 April 2009 <couriermail.com.au/news/parents-face-truancy-action/story-e6freon6-1225699228733> at 20 May 2011.

58.

Ibid.

59.

Ibid.

60.

Michael

Peter

, ‘Parents Charged after Kid Skips School in Queensland,’ Adelaide Now (Adelaide), 14 July 2009 <adelaidenow.com.au/news/national/parents-charged-after-kid-skips-school-in-queensland/story-e6frea8c-1225750111128> at 20 May 2011.

61.

Gordon , above n 54.

62.

Ibid.

63.

Roy

Michelle

, ‘When All Else Fails, Blame the Parents’ (2001) 10 Dalhousie Journal of Legal Studies 142.

64.

le Sage

Leonie

and de Ruyter

Doret

, 'Criminal Parental Responsibility (2008) 40 (6) Educational Philosophy and Theory 789, 795.

65.

Roth , above n 1, 39.

66.

Ibid; Slapper

Gary

, ‘Stepping Behind the Family — 1’ (1997) 147 New Law Journal 11; Slapper

Gary

, ‘Stepping Behind the Family — 2’ (1997) 147 New Law Journal 68; Arthur

Raymond

, ‘Punishing Parents for the Crimes of their Children’ (2005) 44 (3) Howard Journal of Criminal Justice 233.

67.

Goldson

Barry

and Jamieson

Janet

, ‘Youth Crime, the “Parenting Deficit” and State Intervention’ (2002) 2 Youth Justice 82.

68.

White

Robert

, ‘Curtailing Youth: A Critique of Coercive Crime Prevention’ (1998) 9 Crime Prevention Studies 117.

69.

Garland , above n 4, 124.

70.

Stolle

Dennis

, ‘Integrating Preventive Law and Therapeutic Jurisprudence’ (1997) 34 California Western Law Review 15; Wexler

David

, ‘Reflections on the Scope of Therapeutic Jurisprudence’ (1995) 1(1) Psychology, Public Policy and Law 220–236.

71.

Wexler

David

, ‘Therapeutic Jurisprudence: An Overview’ (1999) <law.arizona.edu/depts/upr-intj/> at 20 May 2011.

72.

Ibid.

73.

Cape York Institute, Welfare Reform (2007) <cyi.org.au/welfarereform.aspx> at 20 May 2011.

74.

Wilson

Geoff

and Boyle

Desley

, ‘Call to keep school attendance moving upwards’ (Ministerial Media Statement, Qld Govt, 2 September 2009) <http://statements.cabinet.qld.gov.au/MMS/StatementDisplaySingle.aspx?id=71357> at 20 May 2011.

75.

Ibid. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Partnerships (‘ATSIP’), Quarterly report, Aurukun (Jan–Mar 2010) <atsip.qld.gov.au/government/programs-initiatives/partnerships/quarterly-reports/documents/jan-mar-2010/aurukun-quarterly-report-jan-mar-2010.pdf> at 20 May 2011.

76.

ATSIP, Quarterly report, Coen (Jan–Mar 2010) <atsip.qld.gov.au/government/programs-initiatives/partnerships/quarterly-reports/documents/jan-mar-2010/coen-quarterly-report-jan-mar-2010.pdf> at 20 May 2011.

77.

Patty

Anna

, ‘Parents given a caning in truancy crackdown,’ Sydney Morning Herald (Sydney), 12 May 2009 <smh.com.au/national/parents-given-a-caning-in-truancy-crackdown-20090511-b0ko.html> at 20 May 2011.

78.

DET, Enforcement of Compulsory School Attendance (2010) <det.nsw.edu.au/detresources/Compulsory_school_attendance_LEAhSEOIAW.pdf> at 20 May 2011.

79.

Education Act 1990 (NSW) s 23; Crimes (Sentencing Procedure) Act 1999 (NSW) s 17 which states that one penalty unit is $110.

80.

DET, above n 78.

81.

Ibid.

82.

Halsey

Karen

, Evaluation of Fast Track to Prosecution for School Non-Attendance (Research Report No 567, 2004), iii, iv <education.gov.uk/publications/eOrderingDownload/RR567.pdf.pdf> at 20 May 2011.

83.

Ibid.

84.

Ibid vi.

85.

Coughlan

Sean

and Westhead

James

, ‘Truancy jailing every two weeks,’ BBC Mobile, 12 February 2009 <bbc.co.uk/1/hi/education/7868061.stm> at 20 May 2011.