US President Barack Obama, ‘Responsibly Ending the War in Iraq’ (Remarks Delivered at Camp Lejeune, North Carolina, 27 February 2009).
2.
Australia became a State party to the Court's constitutive document, the Rome Statute, in July 2002: Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court, opened for signature 17 July 1998, 2187 UNTS 3 (entered into force 1 July 2002).
‘OTP Response to Communications Received concerning Iraq,’ Open letter, Office of the Prosecutor, ICC, 9 February 2006, 7.
5.
Rome Statute art 15(5)–(6).
6.
Australians can be prosecuted by Australian courts for war crimes under the Geneva Conventions Act 1957 (Cth) and Criminal Code Act 1995 (Cth).
7.
The ICC prosecutor is required to consider these two factors, among others, in determining whether to initiate an investigation: Rome Statute art 53(1)(c).
8.
Opinion Research Business, ‘More than 1,000,000 Iraqis Murdered’ (2007) <www.opinion.co.uk>.
9.
Rome Statute art 12(2)(b).
10.
Rome Statute arts 5–8.
11.
Moreno-Ocampo, above n 4, 4.
12.
Rome Statute art 8(2)(a), (b).
13.
See especially WatchHuman Rights, Off Target: The Conduct of the War and Civilian Casualties in Iraq (2003).
14.
See, eg, ‘Howard Accused of War Crimes over Iraq Troop Deployment’, ABC News, 2 June 2008.
15.
Rome Statute art 8(2)(b)(iv).
16.
Human Rights Watch, above n 13, 80.
17.
Ibid6.
18.
AntonowiczAnton and MooreMike, ‘Bombs Fall on Babylon’, The Mirror (London, UK), 3 April 2003.
19.
Human Rights Watch, above n 13, 6.
20.
Legality of the Threat or Use of Nuclear Weapons (Advisory Opinion) [1996] ICJ Rep 225, 226 [78].
21.
The Prosecutor v Martič, Case No IT-95-11-R61, [31] (8 March 1996).
22.
Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and relating to the Protection of Victims of International Armed Conflicts, opened for signature 8 June 1977, 1125 UNTS 3, art 57 (entered into force 7 December 1978).
23.
Standing Committee on Foreign Affairs, Defence and Trade, Cluster Munitions (Prohibition) Bill 2006 (2007) 4.
24.
BongiornoPaul, Interview with Defence Minister Robert Hill, Meet the Press, Network 10, 6 April 2003.
25.
Federal Parliament, Hansard, 21 March 2007, 167 (Chris Ellison).
26.
Rome Statute art 8(2)(b)(ii), (iv), (v).
27.
DeansJason, ‘Al-Jazeera Cameraman Killed in US Raid’, The Guardian (London, UK), 8 April 2003.
28.
‘Civilians Killed in Northern Air Assault’, ABC News Online (Australia), 25 March 2003.
29.
HendawiHamza, ‘At Least 14 Dead in Baghdad Neighborhood Cruise Missile Attack’, Associated Press, 26 March 2003.
30.
‘“Many Dead” in Baghdad Blast’, BBC Online (UK), 29 March 2009.
31.
WaltersPatrick, ‘Advance with Caution’, The Australian (Sydney), 20 August 2005.
32.
McCarthyRory and BeaumontPeter, ‘Civilian Cost of Battle for Fallujah Emerges’, The Observer (London, UK), 14 November 2004.
33.
Rome Statute art 8(2)(b)(xxv).
34.
‘UN Food Envoy Says Coalition Breaking Law in Iraq’, Reuters, 14 October 2005.
35.
OppelRichard, ‘Early Target of Offensive Is a Hospital’, New York Times (New York, US), 8 November 2004.
36.
Geneva Convention Relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War, opened for signature 12 August 1949, 75 UNTS 287, art 18 (entered into force 21 October 1950).
37.
‘US Forces Used “Chemical Weapon” in Iraq’, Independent (London, UK), 16 November 2005.
38.
PophamPeter and PenkethAnne, ‘US Intelligence Classified White Phosphorus as “Chemical Weapon”’, The Independent (London, UK), 23 November 2005.
39.
Rome Statute art 25(2).
40.
Rome Statute art 25(3)(b) and (c).
41.
Trial of Feurstein and Others, Proceedings of a War Crimes Trial held at Hamburg, Germany (4–24 August 1948), Judgment of 24 August 1948.
