Discrimination against Women

Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women, opened for signature 18 December 1979, 1249 UNTS 13 (entered into force 3 September 1981), prmblr para 6.

Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women ['CEDAW Committee'], General Recommendation No 25: Article 4, Paragraph 1, of the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women, on Temporary Special Measures, UN Doc A/59/38 (2004), at para 4.

Ibid at para 7.

Ibid at para 8.

HRLRC and PILCH, Joint Submission to the Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights on General Comment No 20: Non-Discrimination (2008), at para 62.

HREOC, Gender Equality: What Matters to Australian Women and Men. The Listening Tour Community Report (2008), 3–4.

The Road Home: A National Approach to Reducing Homelessness (2008), 7, 33–34.

CEDAW Committee, General Recommendation No. 25, above n 2, at para 12.

See, eg, McBain v Victoria [2000] FCA 1009.

See, eg, Assisted Reproductive Treatment Act 2008 (Vic).

See, eg, E.B. v France, Appl. No. 43546/02, Jan. 22, 2008, at paras 96–98 (European Court of Human Rights).

CEDAW Committee, Concluding Observations: Australia, CEDAW, UN GAOR, 61st sess, supp no 38 (A/61/38) part I (2005) 40, at paras 243–244.

CEDAW Committee, General Recommendation No. 25, above n 2, at para 10.

Senate Standing Committee on Legal and Constitutional Affairs, Effectiveness of the Sex Discrimination Act 1984 in Eliminating Discrimination and Promoting Gender Equality (2008), at para 5.2 ['SDA Report'].

Fredman Sandra , ‘Beyond the Dichotomy of Formal and Substantive Equality: Towards a New Definition of Equal Rights’ in Boerefijn Ineke . (eds), Temporary Special Measures: Accelerating de facto Equality of Women under Article 4(1) UN Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (2003), 111, 115.

See generally Cook Rebecca J. Cusack Simone , Gender Stereotyping: Transnational Legal Perspectives (forthcoming, 2009).

SDA Report, above n 14, at para 5.2.

United Nations Development Program, Human Development Report 2007/2008 (2008), 326.

Gaze Beth , The Sex Discrimination Act After Twenty Years: Achievements, Disillusionment and Alternatives' (2004) 27(3) UNSW Law Journal 914, at 921.

SDA Report, above n 14, at para 4.50.

Australian Law Reform Commission, Equality before the Law: Justice for Women, ALRC 69 Part I (1994), at para 3.60.

SDA Report, above n 14, at paras 11.48, 11.105–11.111.

Ibid at paras 11.49, 11.58.

Ibid at para 5.2.

Ibid at para 5.3.

Ibid at paras 6.2–6.6.

Haines v Leves (1987) 8 NSWLR 442.

SDA Report, above n 14, at paras 11.24–11.25.

Ibid at paras 11.76–11.87, 11.91, 11.99–11.100.

Ibid at para 11.111.

Human Rights Committee, Concluding Observations: Australia, UN Doc CCPR/C/AUS/CO/5 (2009), at para 12.

See Same-Sex Relationships (Equal Treatment in Commonwealth Laws – Superannuation) Act 2008 (Cth); Same-Sex Relationships (Equal Treatment in Commonwealth Laws – General Law Reform) Act 2008 (Cth). See generally HREOC, Same-Sex: Same Entitlements, National Inquiry into Discrimination against People in Same-Sex Relationships: Financial and Work-Related Entitlements and Benefits (2007).

See generally Productivity Commission, Paid Parental Leave: Support for Parents with Newborn Children (2008).

See, eg, A.T. v Hungary, CEDAW, Communication No. 2/2003, UN Doc CEDAW/C/32/D/2/2003 (2005).

A.S. v Hungary, CEDAW, Communication No. 4/2004, UN Doc CEDAW/C/36/D/4/2004 (2006).

See CEDAW Committee, Concluding Observations: Hungary, UN Doc CEDAW/C/HUN/CO/6 (2007), at paras 18–19.

See, eg, Anger over “Third World” Pregnancy Death’, The Age (Melbourne), 7 January 2009. See also Pruitt Lisa R. , Toward a Feminist Theory of the Rural’ (2007) 2 Utah Law Review 421.

Regina Maria da Silva Tavares Gómez Yolanda Ferrer , ‘The Juárez Murders and the Inquiry Procedure’ in Schöpp-Schilling Hanna Beate Flinterman Cees (eds), Circle of Empowerment: Twenty-Five Years of the UN Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women (2007) 299, at 300 n 2.

Ibid at 300.

Report on Mexico produced by the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women under article 8 of the Optional Protocol to the Convention, and reply from the Government of Mexico, CEDAW, UN Doc CEDAW/C/2005/OP.8/MEXICO (2005) [‘Ciudad Juárez inquiry’].

Amnesty International, Mexico. Intolerable Killings: 10 years of Abductions and Murders of Women in Ciudad Juárez and Chihuahua (AI Index: AMR 41/026/2003), 25.

Ciudad Juárez inquiry, above n 40, at para 67.

Ibid at para 36.

Ibid at para 159.

Ibid.

Ibid at para 261.

Ibid at para 287.

See generally CEDAW Committee, Consideration of Reports Submitted by States Parties under Article 18 of the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women: Sixth Periodic Report of States parties; Mexico, UN Doc CEDAW/C/MEX/6 (2006), Annex.

CEDAW Committee, Concluding Observations: Mexico, UN Doc CEDAW/C/MEX/CO/6 (2006), at para 16.

See generally AHRC, Australia's Future Tax System (Retirement Income System), Submission to the Review Panel (2009).

CEDAW , above n 1, art 3.