All the Right Moves?

Nankervis Max , ‘Our Urban Parks: Suitable Pieces of Real Estate?’ (1998) 57 Journal of Australian Studies 162.

Victoria, Inquiry into Sustainable Urban Design for New Communities in Outer Suburban Areas, Parl Paper No 87 (2004), 132.

Alder Christine , Perceptions of the Treatment of Juveniles in the Legal System (1992) 32.

Anderson Tim Campbell Steve Turner Sheree , Youth Street Rights: A Policy and Legislation Review (1999), 89.

See, eg, Saul Ben , ‘Olympic Move On Powers: Street Sweeping and the Erosion of Public Space’ (2000) 11(1) Polemic 34; Lynch Philip , ‘Understanding and responding to begging’ [2005] 29 Melbourne University Law Review 518; Inner City Entertainment Precincts Taskforce, A good night for all: Options for improving safety and amenity in inner city entertainment precincts (2005), 39; Crime and Disorder Act 1998 (UK) s 1; Summary Offences Act 1988 (NSW) s 28F. In this article, these terms are used interchangeably.

Summary Offences Act 1953 (SA) s 18, Summary Offences Act 1988 (NSW) s 28F, Police Powers and Responsibilities Act 2000 (Qld) s 38, Crime Prevention Powers Act 1998 (ACT) s 4.

See, eg, Anti-social Behaviour Act 2003 (UK) s 30.

See, eg, Summary Offences Act 1966 (Vic) s 49B.

Inner City Entertainment Precincts Taskforce, above n 5, 39.

Lohse Rodney , ‘Calls for teenage curfew’, Today Tonight, 3 May 2005, <seven.com.au/todaytonight/> (Copy on file with the author).

Liberal Party, Victorian Branch, Combating Anti-Social Behaviour, Policy statement (26 April 2006), 1.

Ibid.

Public submissions on the proposed Local Law 15 closed on 19 February 2009, and the Council is expected to consider the proposed local law soon.

NSW Ombudsman, Policing public safety: Report under s 6 of the Crimes Legislation Amendment (Police and Public Safety) Act 1998 (1999), 223.

Saul , above n 5, 3.

Spooner Paul , ‘Moving in the wrong direction: An analysis of police move-on powers in Queensland’ (2001) 20 Youth Studies Australia 27, 30.

Home Office (UK), A Guide to Anti-Social Behaviour Orders and Acceptable Behaviour Contracts (2004), 9.

Standing Committee on Legal and Constitutional Affairs (LACA), Parliament of Australia, Inquiry into crime in the community: Victims, offenders and fear of crime (2004) [2.70].

Grabosky Peter , Fear of Crime and Fear Reduction Strategies, Australian Institute of Criminology Trends & Issues Paper No 44 (1995), 2–3.

Ibid.

National Crime Prevention, Hanging out: Negotiating young people's use of public space (1999), 8.

See generally Grabosky Peter Wilson Paul , Journalism and justice: How crime is reported (1989); Ericson Richard Baranek Patricia Chan Janet , Representing order: Crime, law and justice in the news media (1991).

Bessant Judith Hill Richard (eds), Youth, crime and the media (1997).

Sercombe Howard , Media constructions of young people in public space (1998), a submission to the Negotiating young people's use of public space Project. Cited in National Crime Prevention, above n 20, 9.

NSW Bureau of Crime Statistics and Research, Crime Perception and Reality: Public perceptions of the risk of criminal victimisation in Australia, Discussion Paper No 28 (1996), 7.

Committee on LACA, above n 17, ch 2.

Lynch , above n 5, 535–6; and see Burke Roger Hopkins , ‘Tolerance or Intolerance? The Policing of Begging in the Urban Context’ in Dean Hartley (ed), Begging Questions: Street-Level Economic Activity and Social Policy Failure (1999), 230.

Males Mike Macallair Dan , ‘Get Tough’: Juvenile Control Measures – Are they Needed? (1998) Issue paper for the Juvenile Justice Information Center (1998). Cited in Travlou Penny , Teenagers and Public Space: A literature review (2003), 16.

Crime Prevention Victoria, ‘Anti-Social Behaviours’, (2004) CPV Knowledge Bank <crimeprevention.vic.gov.au/> (Copy on file with the author).

See, eg, NSW Ombudsman, above n 14, ch 10.

Crime Prevention Victoria, above n 29.

See Saul , above n 5.

White Rob , ‘Young people, community space and social control’ (Paper presented at the National Conference on Juvenile Justice, Adelaide, 22–24 September 1992) 196; see generally Grabosky Peter , Sydney in Ferment: Crime, dissent and official reaction 1788 to 1973 (1993); Stratton Jon , The Young Ones: Working-class Culture, Consumption and the Category of Youth (1992).

Travlou , above n 28, 13.

Alder , above n 3, 31.

Saul , above n 5, 36

NSW Bureau of Crime Statistics and Research, ‘Police records of persons of interest involved in all recorded criminal incidents against the person in non-residential locations, 1.7.98 to 30.6.99.’ Cited in NSW Ombudsman , above n 14,228.

NSW Ombudsman, above n 14,227–8.

Smith Roger , Youth Justice: Ideas, policy, practice (2003).

Spooner , above n 16, 30.

Queensland, Parliamentary Debates, Legislative Assembly, 29 February 2000, 50 (Tom Barton, Minister for Police).

Spooner , above n 16, 30.

Youth Affairs Council of Western Australia, ‘Curfews: The Public Fight for Young People to be in the City’, (2003) 5(27) Indigenous Law Bulletin 8,8.

NSW Ombudsman, above n 14, 240.

Luke Garth Cunneen Chris , Aboriginal over-representation and discretionary decisions in the NSW juvenile justice system’ (1995) 1 Australian Indigenous Law Reporter 95.

Chan Carrie Cunneen Chris , Evaluation of the Implementation of NSW Police Service Aboriginal Strategic Plan (2000) 438.

NSW Ombudsman, above n 14, 241. See also Taylor Monica Walsh Tamara (eds), Nowhere to go: The impact of police move-on powers on homeless people in Queensland (2006) ch 6.

NSW Bureau of Crime Statistics and Research, Aborigines and Public Order Legislation in New South Wales, Discussion Paper No B34 (1997), 1.

NSW Ombudsman, above n 14, 235. The Ombudsman also noted increased contact with police as a result of reasonable directions orders may further exacerbate the tensions in police relations with Aboriginal communities, 232.

Spooner , above n 16, 30.

NSW Ombudsman, above n 14, 230; gender for 98 persons not recorded.

See also Taylor Walsh , above n 47.

NSW Ombudsman, above n 14, 269.

Ibid 270.

Saul , above n 5, 34.

NSW Ombudsman, above n 13, 239.

Ibid 279.

See, eg, Goldie Cassandra , ‘Living in Public Space: A human rights wasteland?’ (2002) 27(6) Alternative Law Journal 277; Otto Di , Addressing Homelessness as a Violation of Human Rights in the Australian Context’ (Paper presented at the 3rd National Homelessness Conference, Brisbane, 6–8 April 2003); Taylor Walsh , above n 47.