The application of art 1C(5) of the Convention and the Australian decisions relating to that article in the Federal Court have been analysed in this journal and elsewhere: See HayEmilyKneeboneSusan, ‘Refugee Status in Australia and the Cessation Provisions: QAAH of 2004 v MIMIA’, (2006) 31(3) Alternative Law Journal147; O'SullivanMaria, ‘Before the High Court: Minister for Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs v QAAH: Cessation of Refugee Status’ (2006) 28Sydney Law Review359.
6.
QAAH (2006) 231 ALR 340, 350.
7.
RuddockPhilip, ‘Refugee Claims and Australian Migration Law: A Ministerial Perspective’ (2000) 23University of New South Wales Law Journal1, 3; Amanda Vanstone, then Minister for Immigration and Multicultural Affairs, commented that TPVs ‘are a key plank of our border protection measures’: See DickTimCubbyBen, ‘Afghans sent packing after court rules on temporary visas’, Sydney Morning Herald (Sydney), 16 November 2006, 7.
8.
See EsmaeiliHosseinWellsBelinda, ‘The Temporary Refugees: Australia's Legal Response to the Arrival of Iraqi and Afghan Boat People’ (2000) 23University of New South Wales Law Journal (2000) 224, and EdwardsAlice, ‘Tampering with Refugee Protection: The Case of Australia’ (2003) 15International Journal of Refugee Law192.
9.
See Chan v Minister for Immigration and Ethnic Affairs (1989) 169 CLR 379, 392, 432; MIMA v Thiyagarajah (1997) 80 FCR 543, 572; and HathawayJ, Law of Refugee Status (1991) 189.
10.
(2006) 231 ALR 340, 353.
11.
GermovRozMottaFrancesco, Refugee Law in Australia (2003) 403.
MIMA v Khawar (2002) 210 CLR 1, 16 (McHughGummowJJ).
16.
RRT Decision (unpublished), as cited in QAAH v MIMIA [2004] FCA 1448 (Unreported, DowsettJ, 11 November 2004) [18]–[23].
17.
Ibid.
18.
Ibid [25].
19.
QAAH v MIMIA (2005) 145 FCR 363.
20.
Ibid383.
21.
Ibid.
22.
NBGM v MIMIA (2006) 150 FCR 522 (‘NBGM’).
23.
Ibid530.
24.
MIMIA v QAAH [2005] HCATrans 1033 (16 December 2005).
25.
Ibid.
26.
The majority comprised Gummow ACJ, and Callinan, Heydon and Crennan JJ.
27.
QAAH (2006) 231 ALR 340, 350.
28.
Ibid.
29.
Ibid.
30.
Ibid351.
31.
Ibid350.
32.
Ibid.
33.
The standard urged by the United Nations High Commission for Refugees (UNHCR) in its Guidelines on International Protection: Cessation of Refugee Status under Article 1C(5) and (6) of the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees (2003) <http://www.unhcr.org/publ/PUBL/3e637a202.pdf> at 15 May 2007.
34.
QAAH (2006) 231 ALR 340, 368.
35.
Ibid376–377.
36.
Ibid378.
37.
Ibid354.
38.
Ibid359.
39.
See, eg, KirbyJustice Michael, ‘Law, like the Olympics, is now International – But will Australia win Gold?’ (2000) 7James Cook University Law Review4.
40.
In Al-Kateb v Godwin (2004) 219 CLR 562, McHughJ, dismissed the idea of interpretation of domestic law by reference to international law as ‘based on a fiction’: At 624.
41.
CharlesworthHilary, ‘Dangerous Liaisons: Globalisation and Australian Public Law’ (1998) 20Adelaide Law Review57, 66.
42.
UNHCR, Handbook on Procedures and Criteria for Determining Refugee Status under the 1951 Convention and 1967 Protocol relating to the Status of Refugees (1979, re-edited 1992).
43.
See, eg, Chan v MIMIA (1989) 169 CLR 379, 392; Re Woolley; Ex parte Applicants M276/2003 (2004) 210 ALR 369, 399.
Evidence to Legal and Constitutional Legislation Committee, Senate, Canberra, 22 February 2002, 468 (Mr Robert Illingworth, Assistant Secretary, Onshore Protection Branch, DIMIA) <http://www.aph.gov.au/hansard/senate/commttee/s5394.pdf> at 15 May 2007.
47.
‘A Report on Visits to Immigration Detention Facilities by the Human Rights Commissioner 2001’, Human Rights and Equal Opportunity Commission <http://www.hreoc.gov.au/human_rights/idc/idc2001.html> at 15 May 2007.
48.
Evidence to Legal and Constitutional Legislation Committee, Senate, Canberra, 17 February 2004, 42 (Mr Peter Hughes, First Assistant Secretary, Refugee, Humanitarian and International Division, DIMIA) <http://www.aph.gov.au/hansard/senate/commttee/S7314.pdf> at 15 May 2007.
See RubinBarnett R, The Fragmentation of Afghanistan: State Formation and Collapse in the International System (1995).
51.
MaleyWilliam, ‘Political Transitions and the Cessation of Refugee Status: Some Lessons from Afghanistan and Iraq’ (2004) 22Law in Context156, 172. See also SaikalAmin, Modern Afghanistan: A History of Struggle and Survival (2004).
52.
Saikal, above n 51, 238.
53.
International Crisis Group, ‘Countering Afghanistan's Insurgency: No Quick Fixes’, Asia Report No 123 (2 November 2006).
Campion-SmithBruce, ‘Government Plans for Iraqi Refugees: UN agency will ask western countries to open doors to those fleeing violence’, The Toronto Star (Toronto), 20 January 2007, 4.
56.
Al-Kateb v Godwin (2004) 208 ALR 124; MIMIA v Al Khafaji (2004) 219 CLR 664; Re Woolley; Ex parte Applicants M276/2003 (2004) 210 ALR 369; Behrooz v Secretary of DIMIA (2004) 219 CLR 486.
57.
HeadMichael, ‘Detention Without Trials — A Threat to Democratic Rights’ (2005) 9University of Western Sydney Law Review33.
58.
HeadMichael, ‘Detention Without Trials — Is There No Limit?’ (2005) 30(2) Alternative Law Journal63; ReillyAlex, ‘Immigration Detention: Pushing the Boundaries’ (2004) 29(5) Alternative Law Journal248.
