Senator VanstoneAmanda, ‘Strengthened Border Control Measures for Unauthorised Boat Arrivals’ (Press Release, 13 April 2006).
2.
Border Protection (Validation and Enforcement Powers) Act 2001 (Cth); Migration Amendment (Excision from Migration Zone) Act 2001 (Cth); Migration Amendment (Excision from Migration Zone) (Consequential Provisions) Act 2001 (Cth).
3.
Initially, in 2001, only four islands were excised but this was later extended by amendments to the Migration Regulations in 2005, to include all islands off Australia's north coast: Migration Amendment Regulation 2005 No 6 (Cth).
Convention relating to the Status of Refugees, opened for signature 28 July 1951, 189 UNTS 150 (entered into force 22 April 1954).
6.
The Senate Inquiry (Immigration Advice and Rights Centre) above n 4, 2.
7.
Migration Act 1958 (Cth) s 417.
8.
Senate Legal and Constitutional References Committee, Parliament of Australia, A Sanctuary under Review An Examination of Australia's Refugee and Humanitarian Determination Process (June 2000).
Goodwin-GillGuy, ‘Article 31: Non-Penalization, Detention, and Protection’, in FellerETurkVNicholsonF, (eds), Refugee Protection in International Law (2003), 185, 190.
12.
Ibid.
13.
HathawayJ C, The Rights of Refugees Under International Law (2005) 409.
14.
Ibid410.
15.
Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties, opened for signature 23 May 1969, 1155 UNTS 331 (entered into force 27 January 1980).
16.
Goodwin-GillGuy, above n 11, 189 and HathawayJC, above n 13, 49, 411.
17.
Goodwin-GillGuy, above n 11, 194.
18.
Ibid194.
19.
Van Duzen v Canada, Communication No 50/1979, UN doc CCPR/C/15/D/50/1979 (7 April 1982) 10.2.
20.
Ibid.
21.
NowakM, UN Covenant on Civil and Political Rights — CCPR Commentary (1993) 278 cited in Goodwin-Gill, above n 11, 195.
22.
Ibid.
23.
The Senate Inquiry (UNHCR) above n 4, 6, 7.
24.
UNHCR Executive Comm Conclusion No 22 (XXXII), Protection of Asylum-Seekers in Situations of Large-Scale Influx, [57] UN Doc A/AC 96/601 (1981) (emphasis added).
25.
Asylum and Immigration Act 1996 (UK).
26.
Case No CIS 4439/98, Social Security Commissioner (UK) (25 November 1999).
27.
Ibid.
28.
EdwardsA, ‘Tampering with Refugee Protection: The Case of Australia’ (2003) 15International Journal of Refugee Law, 199.
29.
The Senate Inquiry (DIMA) above n 4, 8.
30.
Goodwin-Gill, above n 11, 222.
31.
UNHCR Executive Committee Conclusion No. 44 (XXXVII) Detention of Refugees and Asylum-Seekers [b] UN Doc A/AC 96/688 (1986).
32.
UNHCR, Revised Guidelines on Applicable Criteria and Standards Relating to the Detention of Asylum Seekers (February 1999), 3.
33.
Ibid4.
34.
Ibid6.
35.
The Senate Inquiry (Australian Lawyers for Human Rights) above n 4, 28.
36.
Human Rights Committee, A v Australia, UN Doc CCPR/C/59/D/560/1993 (3 April 1997).
37.
Goodwin-GillGuy, above n 11, 196.
38.
UNHCR, the Guidelines, above n 32, 5–6.
39.
The Senate Inquiry (DIMA) above n 4, 8.
40.
UNHCR, the Guidelines, above n 32, 3.
41.
Ibid.
42.
Ibid.
43.
The Senate Inquiry (Victorian Foundation for Survivors of Torture Inc) above n 4, 10.
44.
UNHCR, the Guidelines, above n 32, 2.
45.
The Senate Inquiry (HREOC) above n 4, 6,7.
46.
UNHCR, the Guidelines, above n 32, 4.
47.
Ibid6.
48.
The Senate Inquiry (Australian Lawyers for Human Rights) above n 4, 14.
49.
ABC Radio, ‘Asylum seekers to be pushed offshore for processing’, PM, 13 April 2006.
50.
Convention on the Rights of the Child, opened for signatures 20 November 1989, (entered into force 2 September 1990).
51.
The Senate Inquiry (HREOC) above n 4, 8.
52.
The Senate Inquiry (McAdamJaneDr) above n 4, 11; The Senate Inquiry (CrockMary) above n 4, 11.
53.
PallisM, ‘Obligations of States towards Asylum Seekers at Sea’ (2002) 14International Journal of Refugee Law, 346, 347.
54.
Hathaway, above n 13, 408.
55.
The Senate Inquiry (DIMA) above n 4, 5.
56.
The Senate Inquiry (McAdamJaneDr) above n 4, 13.
57.
The Senate Inquiry (UNHCR) above n 4, 1,4,5.
58.
The Senate Inquiry (Marion Le) above n 4, 5.
59.
Senate Legal and Constitutional Committee, Parliament of Australia, Provisions of the Migration Amendment (Designated Unauthorised Arrivals) Bill 2006 (2006).
