Military Call-out Powers Expanded

Head Michael , ‘The Military Call-Out Legislation — Some Legal and Constitutional Questions’ (2001) 29 Federal Law Review 273 (Head (2001)).

Head Michael , ‘Calling Out the Troops — Disturbing Trends and Unanswered Questions’ (2005) 28 UNSWLJ 479 (Head (2005)).

Head , above n 1, 278–84.

Ibid 274–8.

Ibid 274–5.

Head , above n 2, 479.

Head , above n 1, 281.

Department of Defence, Statutory Review of Part IIIAAA of the Defence Act 1903 (Aid to Civilian Authorities), Australian Government, Canberra (2004).

Ibid 5.

Ibid 8.

Defence Media Release, ‘ADF “ready” to support the Commonwealth Games’, 16 February 2006.

Defence Act 1903 (Cth) (‘Defence Act’) s 51CA(2).

Ibid, s 51B.

Ibid s 51CB (5).

Ibid s 51CB(2).

Ibid s 51(1).

Commonwealth, Parliamentary Debates, Senate, 8 February 2006, 23–4.

Discussed later in this article.

Commonwealth, Parliamentary Debates, Senate, 8 February 2006, 18.

Commonwealth, Parliamentary Debates, House of Representatives, 13 February 2006, 55.

Head Michael , ‘Orwell's Nineteen Eighty-Four 20 years on: “The war on terrorism”, “doublethink” and “Big Brother”’ (2005) 30 Alternative Law Journal 208.

Head , above n 1, 281.

Ibid, 280.

Head Michael , ‘Counter-Terrorism Laws: A Threat to Political Freedom, Civil Liberties and Constitutional Rights’ (2002) 26 Melbourne University Law Review 666.

Ibid, 286–7.

Explanatory Memorandum, 12.

Ibid, 2.

Senate Legal and Constitutional Legislation Committee, Parliament of Australia, Canberra, Defence Legislation Amendment (Aid to Civilian Authorities) Bill 2005, 27–31.

Head , above n 2, 494–7.

‘Police changed Menezes log’, The Australian (Sydney), 31 January 2006 <http://www.theaustralian.news.com.au/common/story_page/0,5744,17990357%255E2703,00.html> at 9 February 2006; Marsden C , ‘Britain: Report into death of Jean Charles de Menezes handed to Crown Prosecution Service’ World Socialist Web Site, 21 January 2006 <http://www.wsws.org/articles/2006/jan2006/mene-j21.shtml> at 9 May 2006.

Head , above n 2, 498–501.

(1984) 156 CLR 532.

A v Hayden (1984) 156 CLR 532, [5]. Justices Mason, Deane and Brennan made similarly emphatic statements.

[1995] 1 AC 482.

[1995] 1 AC 111. Note, however, that a defence of superior orders may negate mens rea: See Dinstein , The Defence of Superior Orders at International Law, Sijthoff, 1965, 76–91.

Senate Report, above n 28, 21, referring to Faculty of Law, University of New South Wales, Submission 10, 2.

Defence Force Discipline Act 1982 (Cth) s 27; Australian Defence Force Discipline Act 1982 Manual, 4–33.

Australian Defence Force Discipline Act 1982 Manual, 4–33.

Defence Force Discipline Act 1982 (Cth) s 27; Australian Defence Force Discipline Act 1982 Manual, 4–33.

Defence Force Discipline Act 1982 (Cth) s 14.

Explanatory Memorandum 25.

Ibid, 26.